Tacewa cikin akwatin kifaye tsari ne mai matukar mahimmanci don tsaftacewa da inganci mai kyau. Godiya ga tsaftataccen ruwa da aka tace, kifi na iya rayuwa cikin yanayi mai kyau. A wannan yanayin, zamuyi magana game da kayan da ke taimakawa haɓaka aikin tace ruwa a cikin akwatinan ruwa. Yana da game da zeoliteZeolite shine matattarar tacewa wanda aikinta a cikin tsarin tace ruwa ya fi wanda aka samu tare da kunna carbon ko tace yashi. Bugu da ƙari kuma, samfuri ne na asalin halitta.
Idan kana so san yadda ake amfani da zeolite da bukatun da kuke buƙata, a cikin wannan sakon za ku iya gano komai a cikin zurfin
Halayen Zeolite
Tsarin zeolite yana samuwa ta hanyar ma'adanai waɗanda suka fito daga tsarin volcanic. Ya ƙunshi ma'adanai da lu'ulu'u na a high ion musayar iya aiki (canzawa). Idan muka bincika tsarin ciki na wannan abu, zamu iya lura da ƙananan tashoshi na kimanin 0,5 nm a diamita. Wannan ya sa a yi la'akari wani porous abu dace da ruwa tacewaTa wannan hanyar, zaku iya cire duk wani datti da zai iya kasancewa a cikin dakatarwa daga ruwa, kiyaye akwatin kifaye gaba daya tsabta.
An kammala tsarin tare da sassa da yawa waɗanda ke ɗauke da wasu manyan ramukan diamita. Yana da gaske wannan ion musayar iya aiki da ke sa da adsorption na narkar da mahadi ba a cikin ruwa da yiwuwar tacewa. A cikin sauƙi, pores da cajin su suna ɗaukar ions na sodium da potassium wanda aka yi musanya da ammonium ions lokacin da ruwa ya ratsa cikin kayan.
Akwai nau'ikan zeolite da yawa. Dogaro da nau'in da muke kula dashi, yana yiwuwa a cire ruwan daga wasu ma'adanai kamar su calcium. Wannan yana bawa taurin ruwa hankali yayi taushi da kara ingancinsa. A gefe guda, pores waɗanda suka fi girma Suna iya riƙe ɓangarorin da aka dakatarYawancin wadannan barbashi sune kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta, irin su ammonia, kuma suna iya rage ingancin ruwa.
A matakin abun da ke ciki, zeolite galibi ya ƙunshi silicon da aluminum a cikin wani microporous crystalline raga, tare da wasu abubuwa kamar sodium, potassium, baƙin ƙarfe da magnesium a cikin tsarin. Daga cikin mafi yawan amfani da zeolites a cikin aquariophilicity shine clinoptilolite A cikin ruwan sanyi, yana da tasiri sosai wajen musayar ammonium (NH4+). Hakanan ana samun takamaiman gauraya da zeolites na roba waɗanda aka inganta don takamaiman dalilai.
Baya ga tasirin sinadarai, wasu gabatarwar kasuwanci na kunna zeolite na halitta suna ba da a lafiya inji mataki, iya taimakawa wajen riƙe daskararrun barbashi ƙasa zuwa ƴan microns, barin ruwan musamman a sarari. Ana sayar da waɗannan gabatarwar a ciki daban-daban granulometries (misali 1-2,5 mm; 2-5 mm; 4-8 mm; 8-16 mm), ƙyale ƙimar kwarara da yanki mai lamba don daidaitawa zuwa kowane tacewa.
Ta yaya yake aiki?
Da zarar mun san halayen zeolite, bari mu matsa zuwa yadda yake aiki. Ka tuna cewa a substrate iya musayar ammonia da kuma cewa yana aiki daban-daban a cikin ruwan gishiri ko ruwan gishiri. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci aikin zeolite dangane da nau'in akwatin kifaye da za ku samu.
Zeolites waɗanda suke musanyen alli Suna iya haɗawa da mahadi ammonia samuwa a cikin ƙananan kasancewar calcium da magnesium ions. Wannan yana faruwa a cikin aquariums na ruwa. A aikace, clinoptilolite yana cire NH4+ daga ruwa kuma a sake sake sakin ions kamar sodium ko potassium, musayar wanda Ba yawanci matsala ba ne a cikin al'ada taro. A matsayin sakamako na gefe, yana iya ba da gudummawa ga a dan laushin ruwa ta hanyar tarko calcium da magnesium.
A gefe guda, idan muka zaɓi akwatin kifaye na ruwa, aikin ya sha bamban. A cikin irin wannan ruwan, kasancewar sinadarin calcium ya fi na ruwa mai ɗaci yawa. Saboda haka, zeolite a cikin wannan matsakaiciyar aiki a matsayin microporous nazarin halittu substrate. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa na iya tattarawa a saman, da sauri suna canza ammonia zuwa nitrite, kuma wannan zuwa nitrate. A wannan yanayin, ciki na zeolite yana da ƙananan ƙwayar oxygen. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan amfani da iskar oxygen a waje. Don haka, ƙwayoyin cuta da ke zaune a waɗannan wuraren gaba ɗaya suna da autotrophic kuma suna iya haɗa abincin nasu. Har ila yau, suna kawar da nitrate, suna canza shi zuwa nitrogen mai ƙura tare da taimakon oxygen. kwayoyin carbon samuwa.
Lokacin da ake amfani da zeolite a cikin tsarin ruwa mai girma, ana haɗa shi sau da yawa a cikin wani takamaiman reactor: Ana sarrafa ruwan ruwa ta cikin gado, kuma nauyin yana motsawa sau 1-2 a rana. Wannan tashin hankali yana kwance ƙura da biofilm daga saman, yana hana rugujewar pore. inganta aikin skimmer da kuma samar da lafiyayyun barbashi waɗanda za su iya zama abinci don masu invertebrates sessile. Cakudar kasuwanci na ZEOvit, alal misali, daidaitaccen haɗin kai ne na zeolites daban-daban da aka tsara don wannan amfani.
Yana da kyau a fahimci cewa, a cikin marine, da carbon mai amfani Ga kwayoyin cuta, ruwa yana da iyakacin albarkatu. Idan ba a samar da shi ko sarrafa shi yadda ya kamata ba, tsarin zai kasance nitrify maimakon denitrify. Saboda haka, hanyoyi da yawa sun haɗa zeolite tare da al'adun ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma a tushen carbon a hankali dosed.
Kulawa da buƙatu
Zeolite bashi da iyaka, amma yana ƙasƙantar da lokaci kuma yana rasa tasiri. Wannan saboda ƙasashen ƙwayoyin cuta suna haifuwa har zuwa toshe ramukan samanTare da toshe pores, ƙarfin tacewa yana raguwa zuwa inda ba za su iya yin aikinsu ba.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa zeolite yana buƙatar kulawa. Da zarar ya fara kasawa a cikin aikin tace ruwa, dole ne a maye gurbinsa. A lokacin mafi inganci na ƙarshe na lodawa, taro na kwayoyin cuta yana inganta aikin skimmer tarkacen ruwan teku yayin da dumbin tarkace suka balle saman kuma ana cire su da sauri.
Lokacin da ake amfani da zeolite a cikin akwatin kifaye don taimakawa cikin tacewa Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi a hankaliWato, kada ku taɓa fara tace ruwa tare da cikakken cajin zeolite. Wannan saboda ƙarfin tace ruwa zai iya rinjayar kifin da ya riga ya dace da wasu yanayin akwatin kifaye.
Duk masana'antun zeolite suna ba da shawarar shigar da shi a hankali, cikin tsawon makonni, don kifin ya dace da sabon ingancin ruwa. Yayin da lokaci ya wuce bayan shigar da zeolite a cikin akwatin kifaye, kwayoyin suna yin aiki sosai. Lokacin da ayyukansu ya kai mafi girman matakansa. na iya lalata yuwuwar redox na akwatin kifaye saboda yawan amfani da iskar oxygen, don haka yana da kyau a tabbatar da iska mai kyau da skimming.
Baya ga maye gurbin lokaci-lokaci, akwai m jagororin wanda ke inganta sakamako:
- Injiniyan prefilter: Sanya zeolite bayan mataki na soso / perlon don hana shi daga zama cikakke tare da barbashi da sauri rasa tasiri.
- Matsayi: a cikin kyawawan jakunkuna raga a cikin tace (kwangwal, jakar baya, akwati) ko ciki zeolite reactors tare da kwarara sama a cikin marine.
- Tsanani A cikin reactors: 1-2 sau a rana don sassauta tarkace da sake kunna saman.
- Gudu a cikin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in ZEOvit: a kusa da 400 l / h kowace lita na zeolite, tare da Sashi kusan. 1 L da 400 L na ruwa; maye gurbin kaya kowane mako 6-8.
- Daidaitaccen sashi a cikin jaka: Don tunani, ana amfani da samfuran nau'in Seachem Zeolite akan ƙimar 250 ml da 200 l na ruwa, duba ammonia kowane 24-48 hours.
Saka idanu tare da gwaje-gwajen ammonia, wanda yakamata ya ragu zuwa sifili a cikin sa'o'i 24-48 lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ruwa mai tsabta tare da ammonia. A wannan batu, dangane da manufar, za ka iya cire zeolite ko maye gurbin shi da carbon aiki. Don kiyayewa nauyi karafa wasu samfuran suna ba da shawarar kiyaye zeolite a sabis da canza shi kowane wata.
Lokacin da yakamata KADA ku yi amfani da zeolite a cikin akwatin kifaye
Yawancin masana masan ruwan akwatin kifaye sun yarda da babbar gudummawar da wannan kayan yake da shi a cikin sabon akwatin kifaye. Koyaya, koda a cikin sabbin akwatinan ruwa, ƙara ammoniya zuwa matsakaici yana sa zeolite yayi aiki azaman tushe na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Ba sihiri ba ne wanda ke warware nitrates, phosphates ko algae da kansa.
A gefe guda kuma, da zarar matakan ammoniya sun daidaita, yana da kyau a cire zeolite. Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi azaman madaidaicin madauri ba. Maimakon haka, yana da kyau a cire shi kuma a yi amfani da kafofin watsa labaru na al'ada. Kafofin watsa labaru na al'ada sun haɗa da kunna carbon ko yashi. A cikin aquariums na ruwa tare da ƙananan invertebrates, ci gaba da amfani da ba tare da shiri ba zai iya damuwa murjani idan raguwa a cikin abubuwan gina jiki ya yi sauri sosai.
Ka guji shi idan tsarinka ba shi da skimmer (a cikin ruwa), idan ba ku yi gwaje-gwaje akai-akai ba ko kuma idan akwatin kifaye yana da ƙanƙanta: hanya ce m wanda ke canza ma'aunin ionic da nazarin halittu da sauri. A cikin wuraren da aka dasa aquariums tare da kifaye, yin amfani da dogon lokaci na iya rage adadin ammonium da ake samu don sake zagayowar nitrogen na substrate / tsire-tsire; yi amfani da shi kawai lokaci-lokaci a lokacin kololuwa.
A ƙarshe, amfani da shi tare da sauran hanyoyin rage kayan abinci yana buƙatar haduwa: Idan kuna amfani da tushen carbon da ƙwayoyin cuta, daidaita nauyin zeolite kuma saka idanu KH, PO4 da halayyar dabba, saboda yana iya raguwa. KH y phosphate musamman.
Zaɓin zeolite da inda za a sanya shi
Zaɓi zeolite dangane da nau'in akwatin kifaye da makasudin:
- Ruwa mai dadiClinoptilolite a cikin jakar raga a cikin tace. Matsakaici masu girma dabam (2-5 mm) ma'auni na yanki / gudana. Mafi dacewa don keɓewa, cunkoso, ko hawan NH3/NH4+.
- Marine: reactor tsara mixes (misali ZEOvit) tare da sarrafawa mai gudana da tashin hankali. Manufar ita ce haɓaka al'ummar ƙwayoyin cuta don sarrafa NO3 da PO4.
- Kyakkyawan ruwan tabarau na inji: ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna ba da mafi girman riƙewar barbashi, amma yana iya toshewa da wuri; amfani prefilter.
A cikin matattarar gwangwani, sanya shi bayan matakin injiniya da kuma kafin matakin nazarin halittu idan kun yi amfani da shi azaman a sinadaran, ko bayan nazarin halittu idan kawai kuna neman gogewar ƙarshe. A cikin jakunkuna ko kwalaye, rarraba kaya daidai gwargwado yi kama ta yadda ruwan ya ratsa saman gaba daya.
Daidaituwa, haɗuwa da jagororin sashi
Haɗuwa gama gari da shawara mai amfani:
- Carbon mai aiki: musanya tare da zeolite. Cire zeolite lokacin da ake sarrafa ammonium kuma amfani da carbon zuwa guba da launi.
- Bacteria da carbon: A cikin ruwa, hanyoyin tushen zeolite sun haɗa nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta da a abinci na kwayan cuta Don ci gaba da daidaita tsarin, saka a hankali kuma lura.
- Skimmer: yana da mahimmanci a cikin ruwa don cire daskararru da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda aka saki bayan tashin hankali.
- Burbushi: zeolite na iya ja wani ɓangare na abubuwa masu alamaA cikin tsaftataccen tsarin tsafta, yana la'akari da cika burbushi da bitamin dangane da amfani.
Jagorar yin amfani da jagororin daga masana'antun da aka sani suna nuna jeri masu amfani: 250 ml a kowace lita 200 a cikin amfani da sinadarai na al'ada, ko 1 L da 400 L tare da kwararar 400 l / h a kowace L a cikin reactor maye gurbin kowane 6-8 makonni. Koyaushe daidaita zuwa nauyin halitta da sakamakon gwajin ku.
Kuskuren gama gari da yadda ake guje musu
- Saka duka kaya a ciki lokaci guda: yana haifar da rashin zaman lafiya. Gabatar da 25-50% da ma'auni a cikin makonni.
- Ba tare da tacewa ba: yana rage tsawon rayuwa. Ƙara auduga lu'u-lu'u kuma kurkura ragamar zeolite kafin amfani.
- Kada ku auna: Saka idanu NH3/NH4+, NO2, NO3, PO4, KH, da kuma redox idan zai yiwu. Daidaita bisa bayanai, ba ta ido ba.
- Rashin iskar oxygenation: Babban aikin ƙwayoyin cuta yana cinye O2. Yana ƙarfafawa motsin ruwa da kumfa.
- Abubuwan Kwatantawa: kauce wa haɗuwa tare da wasu hanyoyi masu banƙyama ba tare da shiri ba (masu ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, ƙwayar carbon).
Tambayoyi akai-akai
Yaya tsawon lokacin zeolite zai kasance? Tsakanin makonni 6-8 a cikin manyan injinan ruwa na ruwa da kuma kusan watanni 2-3 a cikin aikace-aikacen sinadarai na ruwa mai daɗi, dangane da lodi da toshewa. Idan kun lura asarar tasiri, maye gurbinsu.
Ta yaya zan kurkura shi? Kurkura da akwatin kifaye ko ruwa mai chlorin kafin amfani da farko don cire ƙura mai kyau. A cikin reactors, da tashin hankali na yau da kullun yana aiki a matsayin "tsaftacewa da kai".
Shin ya dace da phosphates? A kaikaice, tsarin tare da zeolite da sarrafa kwayoyin cuta na iya rage PO4. Idan kuna neman rage PO4 da sauri, yi amfani takamaiman kafofin watsa labarai (GFO) a cikin hanyar da ta dace.
A cikin ƙananan aquariums? Ƙoƙarinsa / rabon haɗari bai cancanci shi ba a cikin nanometers idan ba ku da kwarewa. Mafi kyawun samun canjin ruwa mai kyau, tacewa na halitta, da kiyayewa na yau da kullun.
Wane granulometry zan zaɓa? Matsakaici (2-5 mm) azaman wurin farawa. Finer yana riƙe da barbashi mafi kyau amma yana cika kafin; kauri yana ba da mafi girma kwarara tare da ƙasa da takamaiman yanki.
Babban Bayanan kula don Reef Mariners
A cikin tsarin da aka daidaita zuwa gajeriyar murjani mai wuyar polyp (SPS), zeolite yana taimakawa wajen kiyayewa ultra-low na gina jiki tare da launuka masu tsanani. A cikin murjani mai laushi da LPS wasu samfurori ba sa jure wa faɗuwar sauri a cikin NO3/PO4: lura da yadudduka da polyp kuma daidaita kaya. Idan ka ga ba zato ba tsammani, rage adadin zeolite ko reactor kwarara.
Lokacin amfani, yana iya ragewa KH; saka idanu da shi kuma ku biya shi tare da tsarin samar da ku (kalkwasser, balling, ko calcium reactor). Ka tuna cewa a cikin mahalli na ruwa, babban cajin ionic na ruwa yana kawar da ammonium daga zeolite, don haka babban aikinsa shine. ilmin halitta da wadanda ba sinadarai ba. Ba tare da skimmer kuma ba tare da kula da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta / carbonic ba, hanyar ta rasa tasiri kuma zai iya zama rashin daidaituwa.
Majiya da nassoshi
Don faɗaɗawa da bambanta bayanan, an ɗauki waɗannan abubuwan a matsayin tushe: takardun fasaha daga masana'antun (misali, Seachem Zeolite Fact Sheets da Jagororin Mai Amfani), Hanyar reactor tare da cakuda zeolite (misali ZEOvit tare da 1 L a kowace jagororin 400 L da ƙimar kwararar da aka ba da shawarar), da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na kunna halitta zeolite daidaitacce zuwa aquariums (ikon musanya, girman hatsi, da riƙewar barbashi mai kyau). Bugu da kari, an shigar da shawarwari masu amfani da masu ruwa da tsaki na ruwa da na ruwa suka yarda da su.
Ana iya shigar da waɗannan masu tacewa cikin sauƙi a cikin matatar da aka matsa kuma suna ba da izinin sarrafa launi na akwatin kifaye, ban da abin da aka ambata tare da ammonia da tacewa na halitta. m a cikin waɗancan guraben ruwa waɗanda ke da yawan jama'a, tunda a waɗannan wuraren za a buƙaci ayyukan kulawa saboda wuce gona da iri.
Yana da mahimmanci a guji matsalolin da zai iya samarwa saboda girman ƙarfinsa don musayar kwayoyin. A gare shi, Dole ne mu shigar da shi kadan da kadan sama da makonni da yawaTa wannan hanyar, za mu sami kifin a ciki don dacewa da canjin sinadarai a cikin muhalli.
Ya kamata a ambata cewa saboda aikin ƙwayoyin cuta. Ba shi da kyau a ci gaba da shigar da zeolite fiye da watanni uku. Gabaɗaya aikace-aikacen da ba na reactor ba, a cikin manyan injinan ruwa na ruwa, ana ba da shawarar maye gurbin kowane mako 6-8 don kula da ingantaccen tsarin da kwanciyar hankali.
Zeolite abu ne mai mahimmanci na halitta wanda, lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi cikin adalci, yana inganta tsabtar ruwa, sarrafa ammonia a cikin dadi kuma yana ba da tushe na kwayan cuta Mai ƙarfi a cikin ruwa. Don samun fa'ida, koyaushe fara sannu a hankali, sanya shi bayan an yi tace mai kyau, girgiza shi idan kun yi amfani da reactor kuma saka idanu sigogi. Ta wannan hanyar, akwatin kifayen ku za su amfana daga mafi tsayayye da ruwa mai tsabta ba tare da lalata lafiyar sa ba. de peces da invertebrates.