El OtocinclusMai tsabtace gilashin, wanda aka fi sani da mai tsabtace taga, yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun kifin da masu sha'awar kifin kifaye suka yi godiya ga kyakkyawan yanayin cin algae da yanayin kwanciyar hankali. 'Yan asalin ƙasar Amirka ta Kudu, musamman yankuna irin su kudu maso gabashin Brazil, dajin Mato Grosso, da koguna a Colombia, wannan ƙananan kifi na cikin iyalin Loricariidae ne kuma ya fice ba kawai don ikonsa na tsaftace gilashin akwatin kifaye ba, har ma don halinsa mai girma da kuma sauƙin daidaitawa ga aquariums na al'umma da aka dasa da kyau.
Matsayin Halitta da Rarraba Geographic
An saba samun nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu masu kama da juna, wanda galibi yana haifar da rudani tsakanin masu sha'awar sha'awa. Misali, O. vittatus y O. affin An bambanta su a fili ta wurin rarraba su. Daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan kuma akwai O. cocama (Otocinclus zebra), wanda aka sani da ratsi a tsaye.
Halayen Jiki da Ilimin Halittu
Jikin Otocinclus shine elongated, ƙanana kuma dan kadan a kan ciki. Manya suna auna tsakanin 3 zuwa 5 cm dangane da nau'in, yayin da nauyinsu da wuya ya wuce gram 0,3. Shugaban yana da a tsotsa kofin baki, cikakke don manne wa gilashi, tsire-tsire, da kayan ado yayin ciyarwa. Wannan ilimin halittar jiki yana ba shi damar rayuwa a cikin ruwa masu saurin tafiya, yana riƙe da ƙarfi ga saman don gujewa sharewa da halin yanzu.
Launi na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi sautunan launin ruwan kasa, launin toka, ko zinariya a baya, tare da bandeji na gefe mai duhu wanda ke gudana daga hanci, ya wuce ido, kuma ya ƙare a gindin fin caudal. Ciki yana da haske, yawanci fari ko rawaya. Ƙaƙƙarfan ɓoyayyiya, na ventral, da dorsal fins a bayyane ko tsaka-tsaki, suna ba da kamanni da ƙarin tsaro a kewayen su.
Daidaitaccen daidaitawa na wasu Otocinclus shine nasu iyakantaccen iya shakar iska kai tsaye daga saman a lokuta na hypoxia. Wannan yana ba su fa'ida a cikin wuraren zama inda oxygen zai iya canzawa.
Bambancin Jima'i (Dimorphism)
Bambanci tsakanin maza da mata a Otocinclus shine kadan a bayyaneMace gabaɗaya sun fi girma da faɗi, musamman a ciki da kuma lokacin kiwo. Maza sun fi zama siriri, amma waɗannan bambance-bambancen ana iya gane su idan aka kwatanta manya da yawa samfurori. Babu wani sanannen bambancin launin fin ko siffar tsakanin jinsi.
Halaye da Daidaituwa a cikin akwatin kifaye
Otocinclus an san shi da shi yanayin zaman lafiya da jin kunyaYana da wuya yana gabatar da matsalolin ɗabi'a, yana mai da shi kyakkyawan zaɓi ga aquariums na al'umma. Kifi ne mai girma ta yanayi, don haka ana ba da shawarar a ajiye shi a makarantun aƙalla mutane 5-6. Rayuwa a cikin rukuni yana rage damuwa kuma yana haɓaka halayen dabi'a., kamar kiwo tare ta hanyar ado da gilashi.
Game da dacewa, Otocinclus na iya zama daidai tare da ƙananan nau'in zaman lafiya kamar tetras, Cardinalfish, corydoras, danios, mollies, guppies, rasboras, ko invertebrates kamar katantanwa da jatan lande. Yana da mahimmanci a guje wa manyan, yanki, ko kifaye masu tayar da hankali, irin su manyan cichlids, saboda suna iya kama su ko haifar da damuwa mai yawa.
A cikin rana, yawanci suna kasancewa a manne da ganye da saman gilashi, suna hutawa ko ciyarwa. Sun fi aiki da faɗuwar rana ko a lokacin ƙananan sa'o'i, lokacin da suke motsawa don neman abinci da kuma bincika cikin tsarin aquarium gaba ɗaya.
Bukatun Abinci da Abinci
Otocinclus shine yafi herbivore da biofilm mabukaciA cikin yanayi, abincinsu ya ƙunshi kusan algae mai laushi, diatoms, biofilm, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, da tarkacen shuka da suke fitar da su daga katako, duwatsu, da tsire-tsire. Wannan ƙwarewa yana sa su ƙawance masu tasiri don sarrafa ci gaban algae a cikin kifaye.
Duk da haka, a cikin akwatin kifaye na gida, sau da yawa ba su da isasshen algae don tallafawa samfurori na Otocinclus da yawa, musamman a cikin sababbin koguna masu tsabta. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci kari abincinku akai-akai tare da:
- Seaweed wafers ko allunan kayan lambu don kifi masu zama a ƙasa
- Blanched sabo ne kayan lambu irin su zucchini, kokwamba, alayyahu, ko latas romaine
- Spirulina wafers high quality
- A cikin takamaiman lokuta, peeled da niƙaƙƙen Peas, ko ƙananan yanki na abincin foda don soya
Ana ba da shawarar cire duk sauran abincin shuka bayan sa'o'i 24-48 don guje wa gurɓataccen ruwa. Ƙarin ciyarwa ya kamata a yi sau da yawa a mako, daidaita mita bisa ga adadin algae da ke cikin akwatin kifaye da girman ƙungiyar Otocinclus. Ciki mai zagaye alama ce ta ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki.
Wasu sabbin Otocinclus da aka samu suna jinkirin gane abincin kasuwanci, musamman waɗanda aka kama; hakuri da iri-iri sune mabuɗin daidaita su.
Yanayin Aquarium: Ma'auni, Saita da Kulawa
Don tabbatar da lafiyar Otocinclus yana da mahimmanci sake ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kama da mazauninsa na halittaManyan abubuwan da za a yi la’akari da su su ne:
- Mafi ƙarancin girma: 40-60 lita na rukuni na 5-6 samfurori, ko da yake mafi girman sararin samaniya yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye manyan yankuna.
- Girman shuka: Yana da mahimmanci don samun tsire-tsire masu yawa (Anubias, Echinodorus, Cryptocoryne, mosses), waɗanda ke ba da tsari, saman don ci gaban biofilm da wuraren hutawa.
- Subratratum: Yashi mai kyau ko tsakuwa mai laushi; kauce wa m substrates da za su iya lalata ciki da baki.
- Ado: Ganyayyaki masu laushi, tushen, da duwatsu suna ba da wuraren ɓoyewa kuma suna haɓaka haɓakar algae, tannins, da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Tace: Ƙarfafawa da haɓaka mai kyau, tare da ɗigon ruwa wanda ke sabunta ƙarar akwatin kifaye kusan sau uku a cikin awa daya, yana tabbatar da iskar oxygen da halin yanzu ba tare da haifar da damuwa mai yawa ba.
- Zazzabi: Tsakanin 22 da 26 ° C, ba tare da wuce 27 ° C ba.
- pH: Dan kadan acidic zuwa tsaka tsaki, tsakanin 6.0 da 7.5.
- Hardness: Tsakanin 5 da 15 dGH.
- Nitrates: Kasa da 50 MG/L.
Ruwa ya kamata ya kasance mai tsabta kuma yana da iskar oxygen; Otocinclus suna kula da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin sigogi da kuma tarin gurɓatattun abubuwa kamar su nitrites da ammonia. Don haka, ba a ba da shawarar gabatarwar sa cikin ƙananan yara ko aquariums marasa ƙarfi ba. Yi sauye-sauye na ruwa na yau da kullun tsakanin 20 zuwa 30% kowane mako biyu don kiyaye lafiyar yanayin yanayin gaba ɗaya.
Ƙananan yanayi na iya haifar da matsalolin lafiya da mutuwar kwatsam bayan gabatarwa, lokaci mai mahimmanci a cikin daidaitawa na Otocinclus zuwa akwatin kifaye na gida.
Haihuwa da Kiwo a cikin Aquarium
La haifuwa na Otocinclus A cikin akwatin kifaye na gida, wannan ƙalubalen yana samuwa ne kawai idan kuna da balagagge, ƙungiyar lafiya tare da mafi kyawun yanayin ruwa da abinci iri-iri. Haɓaka yawanci yana faruwa ne kawai lokacin da yanayi da abinci suka dace, kodayake ana iya motsa shi ta ɗan faɗuwar zafin jiki mai kwatankwacin lokacin damina.
Ƙaunar ƙwarƙwara ta ƙunshi ɗaya ko fiye da maza suna bin mace har sai ta yarda, suna ɗaukar sanannun "Matsayin T" na Loricariids. Matar tana yin ƙwai masu ɗaure a ƙananan lambobi (20 zuwa 75 dangane da girma da nau'in jinsin) akan ganye, gilashi, wani lokacin a cikin tacewa. Iyaye ba sa ba da kulawar iyaye ga ƙwai kuma suna iya cinye su idan sun kasance a cikin babban akwatin kifaye.
A qwai ƙyanƙyashe a cikin 2-4 days, dangane da yawan zafin jiki. Soyayyen da farko ya sha jakar gwaiduwa, sannan dole ne a ciyar da infusoria, microplankton, kuma, a hankali, sabon ƙyanƙyashe brine shrimp nauplii, microworms, da kayan lambu mai laushi. Babban tanki mai girma tare da biofilm akan bango yana da mahimmanci don rayuwarsu.
Rabin rayuwar Otocinclus a ƙarƙashin mafi kyawun yanayi shine 3 zuwa 5 shekaru, ko da yake akwai rahotanni na samfurori da suka rayu fiye da wannan. Farashin kowane samfurin yana kusa da € 2-4, dangane da nau'in da girman.
Babban Kulawa, Rigakafin Cututtuka da Nasiha masu Amfani
- Ka guji cin abinci mai yawa kuma ka kawar da ragowar abinci kayan lambu kafin su bazu.
- Kada a haɗa Otocinclus tare da nau'in m Kar a gabatar da waɗannan kifayen cikin sabbin wuraren da aka kafa ko aquariums marasa ƙarfi.
- Kula da yanayin lafiyar ku akai-akai: Zuciyar ciki, rashin aiki, ko saurin numfashi na iya zama alamun rashin lafiya ko rashin abinci.
- Otocinclus na iya zama mai saurin kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi, musamman a lokacin daidaitawa. Tabbatar da keɓancewar da ya dace kuma a sa ido akai-akai akan sigogin ruwa.
Otocinclus ba kawai mai tsabtace algae ne mai tasiri ba, har ma kifi ne mai ban sha'awa saboda girman halayensa da ikon zama tare cikin lumana a cikin al'umma da dasa aquariums. Kulawa da kyau, cikakken abinci mai gina jiki, da madaidaicin zaɓi na ma'auratan tanki shine mabuɗin don jin daɗin kasancewa da lura da waɗannan ƙananan "masu aikin injiniya."
Lokacin da Otocinclus ya dace sosai kuma yana rayuwa cikin yanayi mafi kyau, akwatin kifaye ba zai yi kyau ba kawai mai tsabta da lafiya ba, amma cike da rayuwa da jituwa ta yanayi godiya ga aiki mai hankali amma rashin gajiyawa na wannan kifin Kudancin Amurka na musamman.
