Algae, duk mun ga algae a bakin teku, a cikin teku, koguna, tafkuna, da sauransu. Akwai manyan nau'ikan algae guda uku a duniya: kore, launin ruwan kasa, da ja. A yau za mu yi magana ne a kai ja algae. Suna cikin Phylum Rhodophyta kuma muhimmin rukuni ne na algae wanda ya ƙunshi kusan nau'ikan 7.000. Ana siffanta su da samun launin ja da rashin samun flagella. Wannan yana ba shi ikon motsawa kaɗan.
A cikin wannan sakon za mu yi magana game da jan algae a cikin zurfin. Don haka, idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da shi, kawai ku ci gaba da karatun
Babban fasali
algae su kwayoyin photoynthetic masu iya daukar hasken rana da canza shi zuwa makamashi. Launi mai launin ja shine saboda rhodoplasts. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta suna dauke da chlorophyll A. Suna kuma da wasu abubuwa masu launi irin su phycoerythrin da phycocyanin. Wadannan pigments suna da alhakin rufe chlorophyll, suna ba wa wannan shuka halayen ja launi.
Su kwayoyin halitta ne Ba za su iya motsawa da kansu baTun da ba su da kowane nau'in tuta, ba za su iya motsawa a tsawon rayuwarsu ba. Suna kuma rasa centrosomes da kowane nau'i na ƙungiyar microtubule.
bangon tantanin sa yana da halaye: Layer na waje yana da wadata a polysaccharides irin su agarose, agaropectin da carrageenan, kuma na ciki yana dauke da cellulose. Kamar yadda abubuwan ajiya suke adanawa floride sitaci da floridoside, wanda ke rinjayar darajar sinadirai da sha'awar masana'antu.
Wadannan algae yawanci suna ɓoye colloid irin su agar-agar da carrageenan. Ana amfani da waɗannan abubuwa sosai don yin amfani da magunguna da abinci. Don haka, jan algae ya zama tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci na ruwa ga mutane.
Wasu daga cikinsu ana iya samun su a cikin ruwa mai daɗi, kodayake gabaɗaya dukkansu na ruwa ne. Suna yawan girma a wurare masu zafi da wurare masu zafi a ƙarƙashin layin intertidal. Godiya ga pigments. yi amfani da hasken shuɗi mai kyau wanda ke ratsawa zuwa zurfin zurfi, don haka nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan suna girma a cikin ruwa mai zurfi.
ja algae ciyarwa
Red algae ba kawai yana buƙatar hasken rana don aiwatar da photosynthesis ba kuma don haka ya dage. Suna buƙatar yanayi mai ɗanɗanoSuna ɗaukar mahaɗan inorganic daga yanayin ruwa (musamman nitrates, phosphates da salts ma'adinai) waɗanda, tare da carbon dioxide da hasken rana. canza zuwa glucose da oxygen.
A halin yanzu, godiya ga binciken da aka gudanar tare da algae, an gano cewa Wasu nau'ikan na iya ƙara abincin su tare da narkar da narkar da kwayoyin mahadi har ma da mu'amala da kwayoyin substrate. Wannan yana nufin cewa ja algae ba koyaushe zai kasance mai cikakken autotrophic ba, amma wasu za su yi la'akari da mixotrophism.
Muhimmancin muhalli da tattalin arziki na jan algae
Don ma'auni na muhallin halittun ruwa, jan algae yana da mahimmanci. Yawancin nau'in calcareous (abin da ake kira coralline algae) ajiyar calcium carbonate a cikin bangon tantanin su kuma suna aiki azaman siminti na halitta wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar murjani reefs da gindin dutse, haɓaka nau'ikan halittu.
Ana iya samar da waɗannan sifofi godiya ga alli wanda Ana ajiye shi a bangon algae a cikin nau'i na calcium carbonateBugu da ƙari kuma, ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙananan gidaje da mafaka, suna ƙara rikitaccen yanayin yanayin karkashin ruwa, wanda ke amfana da invertebrates, ƙananan kifi, da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
Dangane da mahimmancin tattalin arziki, waɗannan algae sune mahimmanci: samar da agar da carrageenan ga masana'antun abinci, magunguna, da kayan kwalliya. Suna kuma ciyarwa kai tsaye masu daraja a Asiya da Turai (misali, nori y dulse), kuma ana amfani da tsantsa daban-daban azaman thickeners, gelling jamiái da stabilizers a cikin ice cream, desserts, kayan lambu abin sha da yawa sarrafa kayayyakin.
Hakazalika, a yankin masana'antu, ana amfani da jan algae a matsayin babban kayan da ake yi laxatives, miya thickeners, ice cream, gelatin da wasu kayan zaki. Hakanan ana iya amfani da su azaman wakili mai bayyanawa a cikin yin giya da kayayyakin kiwo. Ƙaruwa, ana amfani da tsantsansa kamar noma biostimulants domin ta bioactive mahadi.
algae Properties
Red algae yana da kyawawan kaddarorin don lafiya da walwala. kwaskwarima. Bari mu bincika wasu daga cikinsu.
Algae suna da babban adadin na gina jiki, sunadarai, fiber da bitamin. A wannan ma'ana, Ana ɗaukar su a matsayin abincin abinci, duka don darajar sinadirai da kuma bitamin K da abun ciki na calcium. A wasu ƙasashe, irin su Japan, ana tace noman jajayen ciyawa kamar nori don ƙara girma cikin sauri.
Antioxidant effects, aidin da hauhawar jini
Samun babban taro na mahadi, bitamin da ma'adanai, sun mallaka tasirin antioxidant wanda ke taimakawa kare jikinmu daga lalacewar oxidative. Su ne goyon baya mai ƙarfi a kan masu cin zarafi na waje; musamman, carrageenans, polyphenols, da wasu peptides na iya daidaita martanin rigakafi da samar da fa'idodin aiki.
Abu mai kyau game da waɗannan algae shine ba shi da jaraba kowane iri, illa kamar sauran nau'ikan kwayoyi.
Suna da tasirin iodine kuma saboda haka suna da tasiri don maganin goiterSun ƙunshi babban abun ciki na iodine kuma suna mayar da aikin thyroid. A irin waɗannan lokuta, yana da kyau a tuntuɓi likitan ku.
Dole ne a tuna cewa idan wannan ma'adinai ya karu sosai a jikinmu. za mu iya haifar da kishiyar sakamako wanda ake nema kuma yana iya kara tsananta matsalolin lafiya da muke da su. Yana da kyau a tuntuɓi likita don mu sami maganin jan algae tare da isasshen ƙwayar aidin.
Es yana da kyau ga mutanen da ke da matsalolin da suka shafi hauhawar jiniAna ba da shawarar sosai don ɗaukar abubuwan jan algae. An lura da ayyukan hana ACE a wasu binciken (angiotensin-converting enzyme) a cikin abubuwan da aka cire na algal, yana ba da shawarar yiwuwar tallafi don sarrafa karfin jini lokacin da aka haɗa shi azaman wani ɓangare na salon rayuwa mai kyau da kuma ƙarƙashin kulawa.
Tasirin calcium da bitamin K
Calcium yana da mahimmanci don maganin osteoporosis. Ana bukata kusan 900-1000 MG kowace rana na calcium kowace rana don tallafawa lafiyar kashi. Tun da jan algae suna da yawa a cikin wannan ma'adinai, suna da tasiri wajen taimakawa wajen cimma wannan adadin.
Yawan sinadarin calcium na iya haifar da lahani ga jiki. Cututtukan narkewa kamar iskar gas, kumburin ciki ko maƙarƙashiya na iya haifar da su ta hanyar yawan shan calcium. Idan aka sha da yawa zai iya haifar da samuwar duwatsun koda.
Vitamin K yana da amfani wajen inganta zubar jini da zubar jini. Daga cikin kaddarorinsa akwai ikon samar da ɗigon jini don hana irin waɗannan rikice-rikice. A gefe guda kuma, yawan bitamin K na iya zama cutarwa ga masu fama da matsalolin zuciya da masu saurin kamuwa da bugun zuciya ko bugun jini.
Shawarar abincin yau da kullun shine kusan 80 mcg, ga waɗanda ba su da matsalolin da aka ambata a baya. Kamar yadda koyaushe suke faɗi, komai yana da kyau a cikin maida hankali mai kyau, tunda kashi ne ke haifar da guba.
Abubuwan da ke gina jiki da amfanin gabaɗaya
Bugu da ƙari, alli da bitamin K, yawancin algae na jan hankali bitamin na rukunin B (kamar B1, B2 da B12 dangane da nau'in) da bitamin C. Suna ba da gudummawa ma'adanai masu mahimmanci kamar baƙin ƙarfe, zinc, magnesium da potassium. Nasa fiber mai narkewa da mara narkewa Yana aiki azaman prebiotic kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga jigilar hanji da ma'auni na microbiota.
Wasu nau'ikan sun ƙunshi omega-3 mai kitse amino acid masu tsayi (kamar EPA), waɗanda ke tallafawa lafiyar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Godiya ga matrix na polysaccharides da polyphenols, zasu iya taimakawa daidaita matakai masu kumburi da kuma ƙarfafa hanyoyin tsaro.
A fagen jin daɗi, haɗa matsakaicin yanki a cikin abinci na iya ba da gudummawa ga kula da hawan jini, tallafawa tsarin rigakafi da ingantawa narkewar lafiya, a cikin abinci iri-iri.
Amfanin dafuwa da nau'ikan amfani
Red algae suna daga cikin abinci mai yawa. Ana iya haɗa su cikin sauƙi:
- A cikin girke-girke na gargajiya: miya, broths da stews na abincin teku, ko shirye-shiryen da aka yi wa Asiyawa (ramen, miso, onigiri tare da nori).
- A cikin salads: pre-rehydrated dehydrated ruwan teku; yana haɗuwa da kyau tare da sunadaran ruwa ko tsire-tsire don cikakken tasa.
- Kamar yadda na halitta thickeners: agar-agar da carrageenan suna ba da rubutu zuwa desserts, jellies da creams tare da ƙananan adadin kuzari da kwanciyar hankali.
- A matsayin kari: akwai a ciki flakes, foda ko capsules; yana da kyau a mutunta allurai kuma, idan ya cancanta, bincika abun ciki na aidin.
Aikace-aikace a cikin kayan shafawa da kulawa na sirri
Kamfanonin gyaran fuska suna cin gajiyar arzikinsu a ciki polysaccharides, bitamin da kuma ma'adanai. Ana shigar da ruwan 'ya'yan algae a ciki creams na fuska, serums da masks don iyawar sa don yin ruwa, karewa da inganta yanayin fata.
Daga cikin fitattun fa'idodin akwai: zurfin hydration ta hanyar samar da fim mai kariya, anti-mai kumburi Properties hade da polyphenols da fatty acid, da kuma stimulating na collagen kira lokacin da aka haɗe shi da bitamin C da sauran kayan aiki masu aiki, inganta elasticity.
A cikin gashi, abubuwan gina jiki na iya ƙarfafa zaren gashi, samar da haske da kuma taimakawa wajen daidaita yawan sebum a fatar kan mutum. Yana da kyau koyaushe a yi a gwajin faci da kuma tabbatar da ingancin sinadaran don rage hankali.
Taxonomy, ilimin halittar jiki da yanayin rayuwa
Red algae na cikin Rhodophyta, a cikin Archeplastida. Ba su da flagella a kowane mataki da halin yanzu rhodoplasts tare da chlorophyll a da phycobiliproteins (phycoerythrin da phycocyanin), wanda ke rufe chlorophyll kuma ya ba shi launin ja.
Mafi yawan su multicellular, tare da laminar ko filamentous thalli wanda zai iya isa ga manyan masu girma dabam, kodayake ba tare da rikitarwa na wasu launin ruwan kasa ba. girma apical kuma haɗin wayar salula tare da matosai na furotin sune siffofi na musamman. Yawancin nau'ikan suna rayuwa a cikin littoral da sublittoral, amma rhodophytes an rubuta su a zurfin zurfi inda hasken shuɗi ya kai har yanzu.
A cikin haifuwa, hawan keke tare da canji na tsararraki sun mamaye. Akwai tsarin hawan jini (gametophyte-sporophyte) da trigenic (gametophyte-carposporophyte-tetrasporophyte). Hadi yana faruwa ta hanyar spermatization: maniyyi mara motsi ya kai ga carpogonium (wani lokaci tare da trichogyne) kuma, bayan hadi, ana samun carpospores wanda zai haifar da sabbin matakai na sake zagayowar.
Wasu jinsunan da suka shahara don sha'awar ɗan adam sun haɗa da Chondrus mai ban sha'awa (Moss na Irish, mai arziki a carrageenan), Gracilaria spp. (babban tushen agar), Kappaphycus alvarezii (kappa carrageenan), Palmaria palmata (dubu) kuma Lithothamnium calcareum (Coralline algae mai arziki a cikin calcium carbonate da magnesium).
Noma biostimulants da sarrafa amfanin gona
A cikin aikin noma, ana la'akari da abubuwan jan algae biostimulants marasa microbial. Na su polysaccharides, sunadarai, polyphenols da fatty acid zai iya taimakawa:
- Ƙarfafa girma tushen da iska, tare da yuwuwar haɓaka ƙarfi da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
- Ƙara haƙuri zuwa matsalolin kwayoyin halitta kamar fari, salinity da matsanancin yanayin zafi.
- Inganta sha na gina jiki, rage dogaro da takin zamani.
- inganta ƙasa: nau'in murjani irin su Lithothamnium Za su iya aiki a matsayin masu sanyaya, suna samar da alli, magnesium da abubuwan ganowa.
Daga cikin nau'in da aka bincika akwai: Chondrus mai ban sha'awa (carrageenan tare da aikin biostimulant), Gracilaria spp. (agar tare da tasiri akan riƙe ruwa da tsarin ƙasa), Kappaphycus alvarezii (inganta photosynthesis da tushen ci gaban); Palmaria palmata (amino acid da mahadi masu haɓaka girma) da Asparagopsis armashi (na biyu metabolites na sha'awa ga aikin antimicrobial a cikin binciken aikin gona).
Hanyoyin samun abin da ake cirewa sun haɗa da: ruwan sanyi hakar (mafi kyawun kiyaye bambancin biocompounds), alkalization tare da potassium hydroxide (yana jaddada mannitol, amino acid da alginates, oxidizing sauran mahadi masu mahimmanci) da fermentación microbiana (yana jagorantar takamaiman bayanan martaba bisa ga iri da albarkatun ƙasa, tare da farashi mafi girma).
An haɗa amfani da shi a cikin shirye-shiryen gudanarwa mai dorewa, Neman juriya ga canjin muhalli da ƙarin daidaiton abinci mai gina jiki na ma'adinai. Daidaituwa tare da sauran ayyukan noma da sashi ya dogara da amfanin gona, matakin phenological, da tsari.
Ina fatan wannan bayanin zai taimaka muku ƙarin koyo game da jan algae da duk kaddarorin da fa'idodin da yake bayarwa ga mutane. An haɗa shi da kyau a cikin abinci, kayan kwalliya, da noma, Suna ba da abinci mai gina jiki, aiki da ƙimar muhalli, ko da yaushe tare da ma'auni na alhakin amfani, sarrafa iodine da hankali ga ingancin asalin.