Hadakar dangantaka tsakanin sharks da mutane ya kasance tushen tsoro, ban sha'awa da jayayya shekaru da yawa. Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar mugayen maharba, sharks sun sha fama da mummunar fahimta da kafofin watsa labarai da al'adun gargajiya ke yadawa, kamar a cikin shahararren fim ɗin. Tiburón 1975. Duk da haka, ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa waɗannan dabbobin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin yanayin ruwa kuma hare-haren da ake kaiwa mutane wani lamari ne mai ban sha'awa. A lokaci guda kuma, ayyukan ɗan adam na jefa nau'ikan kifin shark da yawa cikin haɗari, wanda ya kai su gaɓar bacewa.
Haƙiƙanin gamuwa tsakanin sharks da mutane
Sabanin yadda aka sani, yawancin sharks ba barazana ba ne kai tsaye ga mutane. A cewar wani bincike da jami'ar Stellenbosch ta yi, hare-haren shark akan mutane ba kasafai ba ne. A zahiri, daga cikin nau'ikan sharks sama da 500 da ke wanzuwa, kusan 30 ne kawai suka shiga cikin abubuwan da suka faru da mutane, kuma ƙasa da dozin guda suna haifar da babban haɗari, kamar bijimin kifin, farin shark da damisa shark.
Hare-hare gaba daya suna faruwa ne saboda son sani ko rudani, kamar yadda sharks, a matsayin magudanan ruwa, sukan binciko wasu abubuwa masu ban mamaki a muhallinsu. A cewar mai binciken jami'ar Stellenbosch Conrad Mattee, matasa farar fata sharks sukan ci abinci da farko de peces kuma suna canza yanayin cin abincin su zuwa dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin ruwa yayin da suke girma. Wannan canji a cikin abincin su yana ƙara rage yiwuwar mu'amala mara kyau da mutane, tunda ba mu cikin menu na halitta.
Matsayin sharks a cikin yanayin yanayin ruwa
Ana la'akari da sharks koli mafarauta, kalmar da ke bayyana dabbobin da ke saman sarkar abinci. Wannan yana nufin cewa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye daidaiton muhalli a cikin tekuna. Ta hanyar kawar da mafi rauni ko mafi rashin lafiya, kifin sharks suna ba da gudummawa ga lafiyar al'ummomin ruwa da kuma hana yawan yawan matsakaicin nau'in da zai iya canza yanayin yanayin.
Nazarin da kungiyoyi irin su Oceana suka yi ya nuna cewa rashin kifin sharks a cikin halittun murjani na iya yin mummunar illa. Misali, ba tare da sharks don sarrafa yawan mafarauta na biyu kamar grouper ba, na ƙarshe ya yaɗu kuma yana ciyar da tsire-tsire waɗanda ke kiyaye haɓakar macroalgae a ƙarƙashin kulawa. Wannan na iya haifar da lalata murjani reefs, da mummunan tasiri ga sauran nau'in da ayyukan ɗan adam kamar kamun kifi na kasuwanci.
Tasirin mutane akan yawan shark
Duk da mahimmancin muhallinsu, sharks suna fuskantar barazana da yawa daga ayyukan ɗan adam. Daya daga cikin mafi lalata ayyuka shine kamun kifi don samun finsu, sanannen sinadari a cikin miya na shark. A cikin wannan aikin, wanda aka sani da finning, an yanke fins ɗin kuma a watsar da sauran kifin a cikin teku, yana barin shi ya zubar da jini har ya mutu.
Bugu da kari, gidajen kamun kifi da gurbacewar ruwa na kara shafar al'ummar kifin. Dangane da bayanai daga Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kare Halitta (IUCN), fiye da rabin nau'in shark na fuskantar barazana ko kuma suna cikin haɗarin bacewa. Sharks blue sharks da hammerhead sharks, alal misali, sun ga yawan jama'arsu sun ragu sosai saboda kamun kifi da lalata wuraren zama.
Wajibi ne a inganta aiwatar da wuraren kariya da tsauraran dokoki don kamun kifi na kasuwanci. Ƙaddamarwa kamar wuraren mafaka na shark a cikin Bahamas da hanawa finning a cikin Tarayyar Turai misalai ne masu kyau na yadda za a iya magance wannan matsala kuma ana iya kare waɗannan dabbobi masu mahimmanci ga yanayin halittu.
Tatsuniyoyi da bayanai game da sharks
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan tatsuniyoyi game da shark shine cewa suna kai hari lokacin da suka gano jini a cikin ruwa. Duk da yake suna da ma'anar wari, sharks ba sa neman mutane a matsayin ganima. A cewar Gádor Muntaner, masanin binciken teku kuma kwararre a cikin shark, galibin hare-hare na faruwa ne a wasu yanayi na musamman, kamar a wuraren da sharks ke cin abinci a lokacin asuba ko kuma faɗuwar rana.
Don rage haɗarin haɗuwa mara kyau, ana ba da shawarar masu ninkaya da masu ruwa da tsaki su guji sa tufafi masu haske, yin iyo su kaɗai ko a cikin ruwa mai duhu, kuma su nisanci wuraren da sharks ke ciyarwa. Yin iyo tare da taka tsantsan da mutunta waɗannan dabbobi shine mabuɗin zama tare cikin aminci.
Sabbin fasaha don zaman tare
Yayin da ƙoƙarin kare kifin sharks da rage haɗari ga ɗan adam ke ƙaruwa, sabbin hanyoyin magance su kamar shingen maganadisu da rigunan ruwa da aka tsara don dakile hare-hare sun bayyana. Misali, Tsarin Tsaro na Shark yana amfani da bututu masu sassauƙa tare da maganadisu waɗanda ke haifar da filin maganadisu, suna nisanta sharks daga wuraren da masu wanka da masu hawan igiyar ruwa ke zuwa. Ana gabatar da wannan fasaha a matsayin madaidaici mai ɗorewa ga tarun gargajiya, waɗanda galibi ke kama wasu nau'ikan da gangan kamar dabbar dolphins da kunkuru.
Hakazalika, kamfanoni irin su Shark Attack Mitigation Systems (SAMS) sun ƙera riguna na ruwa wanda ke sa masu amfani da su "ba su ganuwa" ga sharks ta hanyar cin gajiyar hangen nesansu na baki da fari. Wadannan sabbin abubuwa ba wai suna kare mutane kadai ba ne, har ma suna mutunta rayuwar ruwa ta hanyar rage tasirin yanayin halittu.
Dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane da sharks ta fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda aka yi imani. Duk da cewa sau da yawa ana fahimtar su a matsayin injin kashe mutane, sharks suna da mahimmanci ga lafiyar tekunan mu kuma ba kasafai suke yin barazana ga mutane ba. Ta hanyar ilimi, bincike da sabbin fasahohi, yana yiwuwa a canza ra'ayin jama'a da inganta zaman lafiya, ta yadda za a tabbatar da rayuwar wadannan masu ban sha'awa da mahimmanci mazaunan teku.