da Aeromonas Bakteriya ne da ke yin illa ga lafiyar kifin da ke cikin ruwa, wanda ke da alhakin kamuwa da cututtukan da za su iya yin kisa idan ba a kula da su daidai ba. Ana iya samun waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin aquariums na gida, gonakin kifi da jikunan ruwa na halitta. The Aeromonas Suna da dama, suna kai hari lokacin da yanayin ruwa bai dace ba ko lokacin da kifi ke cikin damuwa.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan aeromones guda biyu wanda yawanci ke shafar kifi: Aeromonas salmonicida y aeromonas hydrophila.
Aeromonas salmonicida
Irin wannan ƙwayoyin cuta an san su musamman haifar da su furunculosis a cikin kifi, cutar da ke shafar salmon musamman, amma har da sauran nau'in ruwa. The Aeromonas salmonicida Bakteriya ce ta gram-negative da psychrophilic (yana girma a yanayin zafi mai sauƙi), wanda ya sa ya fi haɗari, musamman a cikin aquariums ko gonakin kifi inda ruwan sanyi ya mamaye.
Alamomin cutar kifin sun hada da:
- Zubar da jini a cikin tsokoki.
- Kumburi a cikin fata.
- Sanannen zubar jini na waje, gami da fitar kifin.
Cutar tana ci gaba da sauri, kuma idan ba a gano ba kuma a yi maganinta cikin lokaci, tana iya haifar da mutuwar kifin a cikin kwanaki 2 ko 3 kacal. Wannan kamuwa da cuta yawanci yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin kula da ruwa, da kuma ci gaba da yanayin damuwa a cikin kifi.
aeromonas hydrophila
La aeromonas hydrophila Wani nau'in kwayoyin cuta ne wanda, baya ga cutar da kifin ruwa, yana iya cutar da dabbobi masu rarrafe, masu amphibians da ma dabbobi masu shayarwa, ciki har da mutane. Shi ne sanadin cututtuka irin su hemorrhagic septicemia, wanda ke raunana kifin sosai kuma yana iya yaduwa cikin sauri a cikin yanayin ruwa.
Wannan kwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da cututtuka iri biyu:
- Cututtuka na waje: Suna bayyana kansu a matsayin ɓacin rai, wanda ke farawa da ɗan ɓata lokaci har sai ƙoƙon ya wargaje gaba ɗaya.
- Ciwon ciki: Suna shafar gabobin jiki irin su koda, suna haifar da riƙewar ruwa da ciwon ciki, wanda a lokuta masu tsanani zai iya haifar da digo. Sauran alamun sun haɗa da rabuwa da sikeli da exophthalmos (kunnukan idanu).
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa waɗannan cututtuka yawanci suna faruwa ne a wuraren da ingancin ruwa ba shi da kyau. Rikicin de peces, Rashin iskar oxygenation da tarin kwayoyin halitta suna haifar da kyakkyawan yanayi don yaduwar aeromonas hydrophila da sauran kwayoyin cuta.
Jiyya da haɓakawa a cikin yanayin ruwa
Maganin cututtuka Aeromonas Ana yin ta ta hanyar inganta yanayin akwatin kifaye ko tafki. Manyan abubuwan da ya kamata ayi la’akari dasu sune:
- ingancin ruwa: Yi canje-canje na ruwa akai-akai don tabbatar da cewa sigogi kamar pH, zafin jiki da tacewa suna cikin mafi kyawun yanayi. Yana da mahimmanci don guje wa tarin sharar gida da ragowar abinci wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Abubuwan da ake buƙata: Samar da abinci mai rai da bitamin don ƙarfafa tsarin garkuwar kifi.
- Amfani da maganin rigakafi: A lokuta masu tsanani, ana iya amfani da takamaiman maganin rigakafi. Ana bada shawara don kauce wa amfani da penicillin, tun da kwayoyin cuta Aeromonas Suna jure wa irin wannan nau'in magani. Maimakon haka, ana iya amfani da magunguna irin su sulfonamides, oxytetracycline ko chloramphenicol a ƙarƙashin kulawar ƙwararren likitan dabbobi.
Yana da mahimmanci don aiwatar da ayyukan rigakafi, tun da cututtuka saboda Aeromonas na iya samun yawan sake dawowa idan ba a kula da abubuwan da ke haifar da su ba, kamar cunkoso. de peces da rashin kyawun yanayin ruwa.
Rigakafin cututtuka a cikin aquariums da hatchery
Daya daga cikin mafi inganci hanyoyin da za a kauce wa cututtuka lalacewa ta hanyar Aeromonas shine don kula da kulawa na yau da kullun da tsaftacewa na akwatin kifaye. Tsabtataccen muhalli ba wai kawai yana inganta lafiyar kifin ba, har ma yana rage yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta.
Hanyoyi mafi kyau masu zuwa zasu iya taimakawa wajen hana kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kifi:
- Kula da ingancin ruwa: Gwada ruwan ku akai-akai don saka idanu akan matakan ammonia, nitrites da nitrates. Dole ne ruwan ya kasance mai tsabta, da isasshen iskar oxygen kuma ba shi da gurɓatacce.
- A guji cunkoso: Aquarium bai kamata ya cika yawan jama'a ba, saboda kusanci tsakanin kifi zai iya sauƙaƙe yaduwar cututtuka.
- Gudanar da damuwa: Damuwa yana raunana tsarin garkuwar kifin, yana sa su zama masu saurin kamuwa da cututtuka. Tabbatar cewa kun samar musu da yanayi natsuwa, tare da isasshen sarari da wuraren ɓoye.
- Amfani da probiotics: Probiotics na iya ba da gudummawa ga lafiyar hanji na kifi da ƙarfafa tsarin garkuwar jikinsu, baya ga fafatawa da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa kamar su. aeromonas hydrophila.
Juriya na rigakafi a cikin Aeromonas hydrophila
Matsala mai girma a cikin maganin cututtukan da ke haifar da su aeromonas hydrophila shine juriya na antimicrobial. An nuna cewa wannan kwayoyin cuta na iya jure wa da yawa maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta, wanda ke dagula maganinta a cikin kiwo da kuma hatcheries. de peces kasuwanci.
Nau'in na aeromonas hydrophila Za su iya canja wurin kwayoyin juriya zuwa wasu kwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haifar da haɗari mai tsanani a cikin tsarin da ya dogara da maganin rigakafi don sarrafa cututtuka. Saboda wannan dalili, yana da mahimmanci don yin nazarin ƙwayoyin cuta kafin fara maganin rigakafi don zaɓar magani mafi dacewa da kuma rage yiwuwar haɓaka juriya.
Yin amfani da maganin rigakafi ba wai kawai yana shafar kiwo ba, har ma yana wakiltar haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Aeromonas Hakanan yana iya haifar da cututtuka a cikin mutane, musamman idan an sha gurɓataccen abinci ko kuma ana hulɗa da wuraren da ke cikin ruwa inda kwayoyin cutar suke.
A takaice, Aeromonas Bakteriya ne masu haɗari ga kifin ruwa mai daɗi, amma tare da tsarin kulawa da kyau, kula da ingancin ruwa, da kulawar likita na musamman, yana yiwuwa a yi rigakafi da magance cututtuka. Kula da damuwar kifin, guje wa cunkoson jama'a, da yin sauye-sauyen ruwa akai-akai sune mabuɗin don kiyaye lafiya, akwatin kifaye marasa cuta. Kodayake kwayoyin cutar Aeromonas Suna da juriya ga wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, ingantaccen sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa da shawarwarin likitancin dabbobi na iya yin tasiri a cikin rayuwar kifaye da dorewar wuraren ruwa.