A ƙarshen yammacin Tekun Weddell, ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta ci karo da juna babban mallaka na gidauniya de peces Inda ake tsammanin daskararren hamada: ƙarƙashin wani kankara mai kauri mai tsayin mita 200. Binciken, wanda aka yi da wani mutum-mutumin da ake sarrafa shi daga nesa, ya bayyana tsari mai kyau kuma mai rai a cikin yanayin da kamar ba zai iya isa ba.
Damar gano yankin ya zo ne bayan zabtarewar kasa kankara A68 A cikin 2017, ta gano kudaden da ba a gani a baya ba. A cikin 2019, aikin kimiyya ya rubuta fiye da dubu madauwari nests wanda aka shirya tare da al'ajabi akai-akai, yana mai da muhawara game da kariyar wannan maɓalli na Antarctic.
Yadda binciken ya faru
Balaguron Tekun Weddell 2019 ya tashi a cikin jirgin ruwan iyakacin duniya SA Agulhas II don yin nazarin ruwa kusa da Larsen C kuma, ba zato ba tsammani, bincika tarkace na Endurance. Sanye take da m motoci (AUV) da kuma ROV mai suna "Lassie", masu binciken sun shiga ƙarƙashin fakitin kankara kuma sun aika da kyamarori a ƙarƙashin kankara, inda ROV ke watsa hotuna masu ci gaba na teku.
Ragewar A68 yayi aiki azaman a musamman “tagar kimiyya”buɗe hanyoyin a baya an rufe ta da dusar ƙanƙara. Tafiyar ba ta kasance ba tare da wahala ba - shirya ƙanƙara ta tilasta yin gyare-gyare masu rikitarwa - amma ya ba da damar yin taswirar sassan tekun da ba a taɓa yin fim ɗin da wannan matakin ba.
A cikin wannan mahallin, fifikon gano wurin jimiri Ya ba da kai ga abin da ba a tsammani: ROV ya gano da yawa sannan kuma ɗaruruwan madauwari depressions a cikin yashi, daidai gwargwado kuma mai tsabta daga tarkace. Girman abin da ya faru ya sa ƙungiyar ta canza mayar da hankali ga rubuta kowane tsari da rarraba ta.
Balaguron Endurance22 na gaba ya ƙare babin tarihi ta hanyar gano jirgin a cikin 2022, a zurfin mita 3.008, amma babban gadon ilimin halitta na 2019 shine ya bayyana. wani katon gandun daji de peces shirya tamkar unguwar karkashin ruwa ce.
Abin da hotunan suka bayyana: 'birni' na nests
Rikodin ya nuna nests kusan 75 centimeters a girman a diamita, tono kuma ba tare da bargon phytoplankton wanda ke rufe wurin da ke kewaye ba. A ciki, wani babba kifi yana gadin a m kwai tarowanda ya tabbatar a kulawar iyaye masu aiki cikin matsanancin yanayi na sanyi da duhu.
Marubutan wadannan sifofin su ne labarai na yellowfin, kifin ruwan sanyi (Lindbergichthys nudifrons). Mallakin ba ya bayyana dazu: akwai layuka, masu lankwasa, gungu masu yawa da gidajen kwana guda ɗaya a kan kewaye, kamar an raba kasa mai yashi zuwa unguwanni da hanyoyi.
Wannan zane yana amsa ma'auni na hadin gwiwa da tsaro wanda yake tunawa da ka'idar "garken garke" da nazari akan hali na rukuni Daga cikin kifaye: waɗanda ke cikin matsayi na tsakiya suna amfana daga kariya ta gama gari, yayin da waɗanda ke gefen ke buƙatar ƙarin taka tsantsan. Manyan gidajen kwana, mai yiwuwa kifaye ne ke goyan bayansa, suna bayyana a gefen. masu iya kare kansu su kadai.
Dukan abu yana aiki kamar babba gandun daji na halittamahimmanci ga nasarar haihuwa na nau'in da kuma ga sarkar abinci na gida. Har ila yau, ƙungiyar tauraro na nests yana ba da shawarar ci gaba da saka hannun jari mai dorewa don kiyaye tsaftar abubuwan da ke haifar da iskar kwai.
Tasirin kimiyya da kiyayewa ga Turai
Nazarin, wanda aka buga a Ƙarfafa a Kimiyyar RuwaYa ƙunshi masana daga cibiyoyin Turai irin su Jami'ar Exeter, Nekton Foundation da kuma Southampton National Center for Oceanography... ban da masu haɗin gwiwa daga manyan cibiyoyin polar. Ijma'i a bayyane yake: wannan a m marine muhallin halittu wanda ke buƙatar matakan kariya.
Daga hangen nesa na Turai, binciken yana ƙarfafa shawarwarin da ke ciki CCAMLR don ayyana sabbin Yankunan Kare Ruwa a Antarctica. Kiyaye Tekun Weddell zai taimaka kiyayewa muhimman wuraren zama don kifi, penguins da hatimi, sun riga sun ci gaba da tafiyar da tsarin muhalli wanda ke tasiri ma'auni na Kudancin Tekun Kudu.
Ga Spain da EU, tare da al'umman kimiyyar pola mai aiki da alƙawuran kiyayewa a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar Antarctic, wannan shaidar tana ƙara hujjojin fasaha don goyon bayan kariya na yankin. Haɗin kai na ƙasa da ƙasa zai zama mabuɗin don iyakance tasiri da kuma tabbatar da sa ido na kimiyya na dogon lokaci.
Bayan abin mamaki na gani, ƙimar binciken ta ta'allaka ne a cikin gaskiyar cewa yana bayarwa bayanan halayen haihuwa Waɗannan bayanan suna da wahalar kamawa a cikin wuraren da aka rufe kankara. Irin wannan bayanan yana ciyarwa cikin ƙirar muhalli kuma yana jagorantar yanke shawara na tushen shaida.
Matakai na gaba: fasaha da saka idanu
Ƙungiyoyin suna tsammani sababbin yakin don yin taswirar iyakar mulkin mallaka, auna tsayin daka na tsawon lokaci, da kuma tantance yadda yake mayar da martani ga saurin canjin yanayi. Kula da yanayin ƙanƙara, igiyoyi, da wadatar abinci zai taimaka wajen fahimtar yanayin abubuwan da ke ƙayyade wuri da yawa na gida.
A hade amfani da AUV da ROV y kayan aikin sauti Wannan zai sake zama mai mahimmanci. Waɗannan dandamali suna ba da izinin aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙanƙara, rikodin bidiyo mai girma, da kuma yin samfura na masu canji na zahiri da na halitta ba tare da dagula yankin ba - muhimmin buƙatu a cikin irin wannan yanayi maras kyau.
Duk abin da ke nuna cewa "birni" na nests karkashin kankara ya fi son sani: shi ne wani maɓalli na wuyar warwarewa Antarctica da ke tilasta mana mu hanzarta kariyar Tekun Weddell da kuma ci gaba da sa ido a kan kimiyya don kada mu rasa abin da muka koya kawai.
