A cikin labaran da suka gabata mun yi magana a kai White shark a matsayin daya daga cikin munanan dabbobin daji. A yau mun zo ne don gaya muku wani game da sharks. A wannan yanayin za mu tattauna bijimin kifin. Kodayake bisa ƙa'ida wannan sunan ba ya zama na kowa, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kifayen da ke zaune a bakin tekun da tekun Latin Amurka. Sunan kimiyya shine Carcharhinus leucas.
Idan kanaso ka san duk fasali, ciyar, mazaunin zama y haifuwa game da wannan shark, wannan shine sakon ku.
Babban fasali
Akwai abubuwan gani da yawa na wannan kifin a wurare da yawa. Yana da babban sauƙi na motsi ta teku kuma suna da yawa. Yana iya kewaya duka biyu ta sabo da ruwan gishiri da kuma duka ta koguna da tafkunan Amurka ta tsakiya da Amazon.
jikinka yana da manyan ƙofofin ƙofofi biyu da wutsiya mai tsayi mai tsayi mai tsayi na sama da kuma baki na precaudal. Misalai na tsayi har zuwa kusan mita 3,2. A matsakaici, maza suna auna mita 2,1, mata kuma 2,2 mita, tare da mata gabaɗaya sun fi ƙarfi. Kalar su shine launin toka a gefen dorsal y fari a cikin yankin huhu, wani tsari wanda ke taimakawa kama kifi a cikin bakin teku da ruwa mai duhu.
Wani nau'in marine ne mai suna ƙaddara hali kuma ana la'akari da shi a cikin mafi girma nau'in kifin shark a wurare marasa zurfi. Nauyinsa yayi yawa tsakanin kilo 90 zuwa 200 ko fiye a cikin mutane na musamman. Yawancin lokaci ana ambaton shi tare da manyan farare da damisa sharks a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sharks da ke da hannu a cikin abubuwan da suka faru da mutane, musamman saboda shi. fifiko ga ruwan da ke kusa da bakin teku inda akwai ayyukan mutane.
Jikinta yana da ƙarfi, yana da faɗin ɓangarorin ɓangarorin ɓangarorin da gajere, santsi. Yara na iya nunawa yada duhu spots a cikin fins, wanda ke ɓacewa yayin da suke girma. Amma ga haƙoransu, suna da fadi, triangular, serrated hakora, an tsara shi don yanke babban ganima; da ciji yana da ƙarfi sosai da muƙamuƙi, tsoka. Yana da nictitating membranes da ke kare idanu yayin harin.
Yakan bayyana m aiki da halayya ta dama. Lokacin farauta, za su iya da'irar da sauri a caje abin da suka yi na ganima, suna cin gajiyar ƙarancin gani na gandun daji da hawan igiyar ruwa. Saboda dabi'ar amfani da su ruwa mai zurfi, a yi taka tsantsan a wuraren kiwo da bakin kogi.
Bayani mai mahimmanci: nau'i biyu da ake kira "shark shark"
A cikin Mutanen Espanya, sunan gama gari bijimin kifin Hakanan ana amfani dashi don tantancewa taurus carcharias, wanda aka sani a duniya kamar yashi tiger shark ko kuma tiger shark yashi, kuma a wasu wuraren ana kiransa shark nurse. Wannan nau'in, ba kamar batun wannan labarin ba, na wani dangi ne kuma yana nuna halaye na musamman kamar dogayen hakora siraran hakora masu fitowa har da rufe baki, ikilisiyoyin kogo, da kuma wata hanya ta musamman ta daidaita buoyancy. A cikin wannan labarin, mun mayar da hankali kan Carcharhinus leucas (bijimin shark), na gaskiya shark na euryhaline halaye.
Wannan bayanin yana da dacewa saboda intrauterine cannibalism siffa ce ta taurus carcharias, kar ka bayar Carcharhinus leucas. Daga baya mun daki-daki daidai haifuwa na shark bijimin wanda shine batun wannan takardar.
Rarrabawa da wurin zama
Za mu iya samun bijimin shark a cikin Kogin Amazon a Kudancin Amirka, da Zambezi (wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake kiransa da shark Zambezi) da kuma Limpopo a Afirka, a cikin Tafkin Cocibolca (Nicaragua) da kuma ganges a Indiya.
Dangane da mazauninsu, waɗannan dabbobin suna son yin yawo yankunan kusa da rairayin bakin teku da bakin teku. Ta wannan hanyar, za su iya samun adadi mai yawa na ganima don ciyarwa. Ana samun waɗannan sharks tare da wurare masu zafi da kuma yankunan bakin teku na subtropical na duniya, a cikin Tekun Pasifik, Tekun Atlantika da Indiya, kuma galibi suna shiga estuaries, lagoons da koguna tare da ruwa mai laushi.
Dabbobi ne da ke nuna aminci ga gabaɗaya wuraren kiwo da ciyarwa a lokacin muhimman matakai na rayuwarsu. Duk da haka, suna iya yin aiki manyan ƙaura tsakanin tsarin gabar teku da kogi. An rubuta kutse na sama. dogon nisa, yin amfani da hanyoyin kogi don cin gajiyar albarkatun ruwa.
Yara suna aiki na halitta nurseries a bays, estuaries da estuaries, inda m, turbid ruwa ba da mafaka daga manyan mafarauta. Manya na iya motsawa tsakanin 0 da 150 m zurfin akai-akai, kodayake yawancin hulɗar ɗan adam yana faruwa a cikin mita 30.
Wannan ikon shark na jure ruwa mai daɗi ya ba shi damar kula da yawan mazauna A wasu tsarin (kamar tafkin Nicaragua), musanya tare da fitowar lokaci zuwa teku. gina madatsar ruwa da sauran shingaye na iya tarwatsa hanyoyinsu kuma su shafi rarraba tarihi.
Bull shark ciyar
Shark bijimin yana ciyarwa kowane nau'in madatsun ruwa na ruwaIrin wannan shine girman abincinsu, wanda suke iya ci sauran sharksAbincinsu gaba ɗaya cin nama ne. Suna da haɗari ga mutane, tun da yankin da suke farauta yana kusa da wuraren wanka.
Saka cikin abincin ku kifi mai kyau, ratsi, sauran ƙananan elasmobranchs, squid, manyan crustaceans har ma da kunkuru matasa, tsuntsayen teku ko dawa idan akwai. A cikin koguna da tafkuna yana iya cinyewa kifin ruwa da kaguwa, suna nuna alama trophic zarafi.
Farauta yawanci yana ƙaruwa lokacin alfijir da magariba, kuma yana amfani da fa'idar turban ruwa don kusanci kusa da kusanci. Yana da ingantaccen tsarin azanci: layi na gefe don gane vibrations da Lorenzini ampoules don kwace filayen lantarki daga ganimarsu.
Ƙarfin motsawa tsakanin ruwan gishiri da gishiri ba saboda glandan guda ɗaya ba ne, amma zuwa a saitin hanyoyin physiological wanda ya haɗa da canje-canje a cikin koda (rage fitar da urea a cikin kamun kifi na ruwa), hanta (ajiya na osmotically aiki mahadi), da glandon dubura (haɓakar gishiri a cikin yanayin ruwa) da daidaitawa a cikin gillsWannan robobi na osmotic, na ban mamaki tsakanin sharks, yana bayyana dalilin da yasa shark na iya yawaita esturine da ruwan kogi inda wasu nau'ikan da yawa ba za su tsira ba.
A cikin yankunan da ke da aikin ɗan adam, ayyuka marasa kyau na zubarwa kuma ciyarwa na iya canza halayen ciyarwar su, don haka ba a ba da shawarar ciyar da namun daji ba kuma a alhakin gudanarwa na sharar kamun kifi.
Hali da motsi
Shark bijimin yana canza lokutan sannu a hankali da yin sintiri kusa da ƙasa tare da hanzari don kama ganima. Ana iya samun shi kadai ko a ciki kananan kungiyoyi, musamman a wuraren da ake yawan samun abinci.
Yana gabatar da halaye na yanayin zama a cikin bays da estuaries waɗanda ke aiki azaman wuraren gandun daji. A wasu yankuna, mata masu juna biyu suna amfani da shi akai-akai wuraren haihuwa, nuna amincin sarari.
A cikin matsananciyar latitudes yana ƙoƙarin yin aiki motsi na yanayi bin ruwan ɗumi, yayin da a wurare masu zafi rabonsa na iya zama da kwanciyar hankali. Yana da ikon hawan koguna na daruruwan ko dubban kilomita kuma ku zauna a can na dogon lokaci idan yanayi ya yarda.
An yi karin bayani game da sunansa na zama m zoba da mutane a cikin ruwa mai zurfi fiye da ta babban tashin hankali. Yawancin mu'amala mara kyau suna da alaƙa da rage gani, cin abinci ko kasancewar ganima kusa da masu wanka ko masunta.
Haihuwa da zuriya
An san wannan kifin yana gabatarwa high matakan testosterone a lokacin lokacin mating kuma yana iya nuna halaye yankin alama. Wannan na iya ƙarfafa kasancewarsu a mahimman wuraren kiwo da ciyarwa.
Sabanin shark da ake kira "bijimin" a wasu mahallin (taurus carcharias), da bijimin kifin Carcharhinus leucas Yana da placental viviparousBayan ci gaban amfrayo na farko, jakar gwaiduwa tana canzawa zuwa wani babba wanda ke ciyar da embryos har zuwa haihuwa.
Mata sun mallaki mahaifa biyu (halayen da yawa elasmobranchs), amma a cikin wannan nau'in intrauterine cannibalism ba ya faruwa. ciki Yawanci yana wucewa 10-11 watanni kuma litters na iya zama na 1 zuwa fiye da 10 zuriya, ya danganta da girma da yanayin mahaifiyar. A yawancin al'umma, mata suna haihuwa kowace shekara biyu, ɗan jinkirin yawan haihuwa idan aka kwatanta da kifin ƙashi.
An haifi matasa a ciki estuaries, lagoons da bays na low salinity cewa aiki kamar cibiyoyin kula da yini, inda turbidity da m zurfin rage hadarin predation. Hatchlings suna auna cikin tsari na santimita da yawa kuma suna cikakken mai zaman kansa a lokacin haihuwa, suna mamaye ruwa mai zurfi a cikin shekarun farko.
Balagaggen jima'i yana zuwa bayan shekaru da yawa, tare da mata suna ɗaukar tsayi fiye da maza don isa girman haihuwa. Haɗin kai in mun gwada da jinkirin girma da ƙananan daukar ma'aikata rates sa nau'in m ga overexploitation.
Bangaren barazana
Wannan nau'in ba a jera shi a matsayin ƙungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya don Kare Halittu ba, amma ana la'akari da shi a duniya barazana ta hanyar kamun kifi da aka yi niyya da kuma kamewa a cikin fasahar teku. A wasu yankuna, matsayinsu na iya bambanta, tare da raguwar yawan jama'a fiye da wasu.
Lokacin da suke cikin yankunan da ke kusa da mutane sun fi dacewa da su kama kifi riga canjin yanayi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da gyare-gyaren wurin zama. Gina na madatsun ruwa, da gurbata yanayi noma da masana'antu, dredging da asarar mangroves rage inganci da wadatar wuraren kiwo da ciyarwa.
A al'adance, ana yin kamun kifi na bijimi don siyarwa. fur, nama y man hanta, da su fika sun haɓaka buƙatu a cikin kamun kifi da yawa. Gudanar da inganci yana buƙatar kama iyaka, kariya daga gandun daji da matakan rage kame-kame, tare da kula da harkokin kasuwancin kasa da kasa da kuma lura da kwayoyin halittar al'umma.
La ilimin muhalli, kula da bakin teku da alhakin zama tare A wuraren da ake yawan amfani da nishaɗi, waɗannan abubuwan lura sune mabuɗin don rage rikice-rikice. A wuraren da aka aiwatar da shirye-shiryen kimiyyar ɗan ƙasa, bayanan gani na taimakawa wajen jagorantar ƙoƙarin kiyayewa.
Bidiyo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6N-acGU-OI
Tare da wannan bayanin, zaku sami ƙarin koyo game da waɗannan sharks, waɗanda aka ɗauka mafi haɗari ga mutane. Daidai bambanta Wane nau'i ne ke bayan sunan "shark bijimin"?, fahimtar ku euryhaline ilmin halitta da kuma abubuwan haɗari abin da suke fuskanta a bakin teku da koguna yana da mahimmanci don inganta tsaro a teku da dabarun kiyaye ruwa da kogi.