La nishaɗin akwatin kifaye Ya fi abin sha'awa: hanya ce ta musamman haɗi da rayuwar marine kuma ku fahimci duniyar ruwa mai ban sha'awa daga jin daɗin gidanku. Farawa a cikin aquarists ya ƙunshi ɗaukar nauyi, tun da jin dadin kifi da sauran nau'in cewa zama a cikin akwatin kifaye ya dogara da himma, ilimi da sadaukarwar yau da kullun.
Bayan fannin nishaɗi, ana ɗaukar aquarists a zahiri a m. Yana buƙatar samun ilimi game da ilmin halitta, ilmin sinadarai na ruwa da dabarun kulawa don tabbatar da cewa kifin yana raye gaba daya lafiya kuma a cikin kwanciyar hankali. Don masu farawa, shiga wannan duniyar yana nufin koyo mataki-mataki, daga zabar akwatin kifaye da wurin da yake zuwa kafa shi da kuma kula da kowane mazauninsa.
Me yasa farawa a cikin aquarists?
Rike akwatin kifaye yana ba da fa'idodi masu yawa ga mutane da iyalai. Ba wai kawai yana ba da damar dubawa da koyo game da ƙananan halittun ruwa ba, har ma yana inganta shakatawa, yana rage damuwa kuma yana haifar da yanayin gida mai jituwa. Bugu da ƙari, samun akwatin kifaye yana motsa sha'awar kimiyya, musamman a cikin yara, haɓaka nauyi, da haɓaka ƙwarewar dubawa da nazari.
Wannan sha'awar, duk da haka, tana buƙatar saka hannun jari na farko na lokaci, albarkatu, da haƙuri. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa nasara a cikin kifayen kifaye ba ta dogara kawai akan nau'in akwatin kifaye ko kyawun kifin ba, amma akan kifin. daidaito a cikin kiyayewa, fahimtar yanayin muhalli da kuma zaɓi daidai da haɗuwa da nau'in.
Zaɓin Kayan Kifi mai Dama: Girma da Siffar
Ɗaya daga cikin kuskuren da aka fi sani tsakanin masu farawa shine zabar akwatin kifaye wanda ya yi ƙanƙara. Ko da yake yana iya zama kamar rashin fahimta, Manyan aquariums sun fi kwanciyar hankali kuma mai sauƙin kulawa. Canje-canje a cikin sigogi na ruwa (zazzabi, pH, nitrites, nitrates, da dai sauransu) suna da ƙananan tasiri a kan babban girma, rage haɗarin damuwa da cututtuka a cikin kifi.
- Matsakaicin girman shawarar yawanci yana kusa 60 cm tsayi da 30 cm faɗi kuma babba, tare da damar kusan 54-60 lita. Wannan yana ba da damar gidaje da yawa ƙananan nau'o'in, hana cunkoso da kuma tabbatar da isasshen wurin yin iyo.
- Ga waɗanda za su iya samun shi, sami akwatin kifayen aƙalla 100 lita yana sauƙaƙe daidaita yanayin yanayin yanayi kuma yana rage yiwuwar kurakurai masu mutuwa.
- Aquarium ya kamata ya kasance yana da siffar yau da kullum, zai fi dacewa da rectangular. Siffofin da ke zagaye ko mara zurfi na iya karkatar da rarraba iskar oxygen kuma su sa tsaftacewa da kulawa da wahala.
Har ila yau, ku tuna cewa kifaye suna girma, kuma yawancin nau'o'in suna iya kaiwa girma masu ban mamaki idan aka kwatanta da bayyanar yara a cikin kantin sayar da. Kafin yanke shawara akan nau'in jinsin, bincika girman girmansa da yanayin da yake buƙata.
Babban nau'ikan aquariums don masu farawa
Akwai nau'ikan aquariums da yawa, kowannensu yana da halaye daban-daban da buƙatu. Don farawa, zaɓin da aka fi ba da shawarar yawanci shine a aquarium na ruwa mai zafi, ko da yake za mu sake nazarin manyan hanyoyin:
- Aquarium Freshwater: Shi ne ya fi kowa kuma mafi sauƙi don kiyayewa. Yana ba da damar nau'in nau'i mai yawa de peces da tsire-tsire, da kuma kasancewa masu jure wa kuskuren farko.
- Coldwater Aquarium: An tsara shi don nau'ikan nau'ikan irin su kifin zinari, koi carp, da kifin yanayin yanayi. Wadannan aquariums gabaɗaya suna buƙatar ƙarancin kayan aiki, amma yana da mahimmanci don guje wa wuce gona da iri, saboda waɗannan kifin suna girma sosai.
- Aquarium na ruwa: Ga masu son murjani da kifaye masu ban sha'awa, duk da cewa kulawar su yana da matuƙar buƙata, yana buƙatar gogewa ta farko, takamaiman kayan aiki, da ingantaccen ilimin sarrafa siga.
- Dasa akwatin kifaye (ko aquascaping): Mai da hankali kan ƙirƙirar shimfidar yanayi na ƙarƙashin ruwa. Mafi dacewa ga waɗanda suke so su haɗa kifaye da tsire-tsire masu rai, daidaita hasken wuta, CO2, da abubuwan gina jiki.
- Nau'in-kawai akwatin kifaye: Wannan ya haɗa da adana nau'in kifi ko nau'in nau'in kifi guda ɗaya, kamar bettas ko kifin discus. Yana ba da damar kulawa mai zurfi, amma yana buƙatar cikakken nazarin bukatun dabbar da aka zaɓa.
Muhimmancin wurin akwatin kifaye
Kafin kafa aquarium, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da shi wuri a cikin gidaMatsakaici ko babban akwatin kifaye, da zarar an cika, yana da nauyi sosai kuma ba za a iya motsa shi cikin sauƙi ba.
- Ka guji wuraren da aka fallasa su hasken rana kai tsaye don hana haɓakar algae da yawa da bambancin zafin jiki maras so.
- Kar a sanya shi kusa iska, radiators, murhu ko na'urorin sanyaya iska, saboda suna iya shafar yanayin ruwa da jin daɗin kifin.
- Tabbatar yana kusa da a toshe don sauƙaƙa haɗin haɗin matattara, dumama, hasken wuta, aerators da sauran na'urorin lantarki.
- Zaɓi daya m, lebur, kuma gaba daya matakin saman, iya tallafawa jimlar nauyin akwatin kifaye (kimanin ruwa mai lita 100 na iya yin nauyi sama da 120 kg idan ya cika).
- Sanya akwatin kifayen a cikin wurin da ake iya gani da sauƙi don ku ji daɗinsa kuma da sauri gano duk wata matsala mai yuwuwa.
Saita akwatin kifaye mataki-mataki
Shirye-shiryen da ya dace yana tabbatar da nasara na dogon lokaci. Da ke ƙasa akwai mahimman matakan kowane mafari ya kamata ya bi yayin kafa akwatin kifaye na farko:
- Tsaftacewa ta farko: Kafin kafa akwatin kifaye, tsaftace shi da ruwa kawai; kada a yi amfani da sabulu ko wanka. Yi haka tare da tsakuwa da kayan ado (dutse, tushen, da sauransu) don cire duk wani ƙura ko tarkace.
- Sanya substrate: Rarraba 3 zuwa 5 cm na musamman akwatin kifaye substrate ( tsakuwa, yashi, ko kayan abinci mai gina jiki idan kuna ƙara tsire-tsire masu rai). Zaɓi ɗaya wanda ya dace da nau'in da kuke kiwo.
- Shigar da kayan aiki na yau da kullun: Kafin cika akwatin kifaye, shigar da tacewa, hita (idan ya cancanta), injin iska, da haske. Ta wannan hanyar, ba za ku yi amfani da shi ba da zarar ya cika da ruwa.
- Cika akwatin kifaye: Cika akwatin kifayen a hankali, sanya saucer ko jaka a saman abin da ake amfani da shi don gujewa damun shi. Yi amfani da ruwan famfo da aka yi da maganin chlorine da kayan anti-chloramine.
- Ado: Ƙara duwatsu, katako, da tsire-tsire (na halitta ko na wucin gadi), tabbatar da cewa ba su hana motsin kifi kyauta ko hana yaduwar ruwa.
- Farkon kayan aiki: Kunna tacewa da hita idan akwatin kifaye ne na wurare masu zafi. Bincika cewa komai yana aiki daidai kuma cewa sigogin ruwa sun fi kyau.
- Girman Aquarium: Da gaske ne jira akalla makonni 3 ko 4 (zargin nitrogen) kafin gabatar da kifi. A wannan lokacin, ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani suna mamaye tacewa da substrate, suna canza abubuwa masu guba kamar ammonia zuwa mahaɗan marasa lahani.
Zagayowar nitrogen: mabuɗin ma'aunin halitta
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman mahimman bayanai ga kowane aquarist, musamman a farkon, shine fahimtar yadda sake zagayowar nitrogen. Kifi yana samar da sharar da ya zama ammoniya, wani abu mai guba wanda zai iya kashe duk mazaunan akwatin kifaye idan ba a kula da su ba. Kwayoyin Nitrifying sun fara canza ammonia zuwa nitrites (kuma mai guba) sannan a ciki nitrates (ƙasa da haɗari), waɗanda a ƙarshe tsire-tsire suna shayar da su ko kuma an kawar da su tare da canjin ruwa.
- A lokacin aikin maturation na akwatin kifaye, kar a gabatar da kifi. Kuna iya ƙara ɗan ƙaramin abincin kifi ko amfani da samfuran kasuwanci waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, amma koyaushe bi umarnin masana'anta.
- Ana ba da shawarar auna matakan ammonia, nitrite da nitrate akai-akai tare da takamaiman gwaje-gwaje a wannan lokacin.
- Gabatar da kifi da wuri na iya haifar da spikes na m guba da gazawar akwatin kifaye tun daga farko.
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Selection de peces da kuma dacewa
Zaɓin nau'in da za su raba akwatin kifaye cikin hikima yana da mahimmanci don kauce wa zalunci, damuwa, ko cuta. A kiyaye abubuwan da ke gaba:
- Yi nazarin hali na kowane nau'i: Wasu yankuna ne, wasu suna zaman lafiya, wasu kuma suna buƙatar zama a rukuni.
- Bincika sararin samaniya, ciyarwa, zafin jiki da buƙatun ruwa na kowane nau'in.
- Haɗa kifin wanda girman girmansa ya dace da ƙarar akwatin kifayen ku. Karamin kifi zai iya girma da yawa kuma ya ƙare ya cinye sauran ko kuma ya yi rashin lafiya saboda rashin sarari.
- Kada ku cika yawan kifin aquarium: Babban ƙa'idar babban yatsa shine centimita ɗaya na kifin manya a kowace lita, kodayake wannan dokar tana da keɓantacce da yawa.
- Guji haɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan da ba su dace ba (saboda girma, yanayi, ko buƙatun muhalli) kuma koyaushe tuntuɓi ingantattun tushe kafin yin kowane sayayya mai motsa rai.
Daidaitawar kifin zuwa akwatin kifaye
Lokacin da ya zo lokacin gabatar da kifi, yana da mahimmanci a yi haka a hankali don gujewa thermal and parameter shocks:
- Kashe hasken akwatin kifaye kuma kifaye jakar da aka rufe tare da kifin na kimanin mintuna 15-20 don daidaita yanayin zafi.
- A hankali ƙara ƙananan ruwa na kifaye a cikin jakar kowane minti 10 na akalla rabin sa'a, don haka kifi ya saba da tsarin ruwa (pH, hardness, da dai sauransu).
- Kada a taɓa zuba ruwan daga cikin jakar a cikin akwatin kifaye: yana iya ƙunsar ƙwayoyin cuta ko abubuwa masu cutarwa. Yi amfani da gidan yanar gizo don canja wurin kifi kawai.
- A duk lokacin da zai yiwu, ajiye sabon kifi a cikin tankin keɓe na tsawon makonni 2-3 kafin gabatar da su zuwa babban tanki.
Basic Aquarium Maintenance: Aiyuka da Na yau da kullun
Kyakkyawan akwatin kifaye yana buƙatar ayyukan kulawa na yau da kullun waɗanda, da zarar an ƙware, baya buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa. Ƙaddamarwar ku za ta fassara zuwa cikin lafiyayyen kifi da akwatin kifaye mai ban mamaki. Manyan ayyuka sun haɗa da:
- Abinci: Bada adadin abincin da za su iya cinyewa a cikin mintuna 2-3, sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a rana. A guji cin abinci fiye da kima, saboda wannan yana haifar da sharar gida kuma yana lalata ruwa.
- Canje-canje na ruwa: Sauya kashi 15-25% na ruwa kowane mako ɗaya ko biyu, ta amfani da tsayayyen ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi don cire chlorine da sauran abubuwan da ake buƙata. Wannan yana taimakawa sarrafa nitrates kuma yana sake cika ma'adanai masu mahimmanci.
- Tace tsaftacewa: Bincika matatar kowane wata kuma tsaftace kayanta a cikin ruwa daga akwatin kifaye da kanta don guje wa kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani. Kada a taɓa amfani da ruwan famfo mara magani.
- Cire Algae da tsaftace gilashi: Yi amfani da takamaiman kayan aiki don cire algae daga gilashin kuma yi ado lokacin da ya cancanta.
- Shuke tsire-tsire: Idan kana da ciyayi na halitta, a datse matattun ganye da mai tushe don hana tarin kwayoyin halitta.
- Duban yau da kullun: Ku ciyar da 'yan mintuna kaɗan don kallon kifin ku kowace rana. Canje-canje a cikin hali, launi, ko sha'awar ci shine sau da yawa alamun farko na matsalolin akwatin kifaye.
Kayan aiki masu mahimmanci don akwatin kifaye
Samun kayan aiki masu dacewa yana da mahimmanci don samun nasara a cikin kifin kifaye. Babban abubuwan da kowane akwatin kifaye ya kamata ya kasance shine:
- Tace: Yana kiyaye ruwa mai tsabta da oxygenated, kawar da sharar gida da inganta ci gaban kwayoyin cuta. Akwai tacewa na ciki, jakar baya, na waje, da soso; zaɓi mafi dacewa bisa ga girman da nau'in akwatin kifaye.
- Mai zafi: Mahimmanci a cikin aquariums na wurare masu zafi, yana kiyaye yanayin zafi bisa la'akari da bukatun kifin ku. Wasu sun haɗa da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio.
- Walkiya: Mahimmanci ga tsire-tsire na halitta da lafiyar kifi. Fitilar LED suna da inganci kuma suna haifar da zafi kaɗan.
- Aerator (na zaɓi): Yana inganta iskar oxygenation na ruwa, musamman amfani a cikin kifaye masu yawan gaske ko kuma lokacin yanayin zafi mai yawa.
- Kayan tsaftacewa: Algae scrapers, tsakuwa siphon, guga da raga don sarrafa kifi da tsaftace ƙasa.
- Kayan nazari: pH, nitrite, nitrate, da mita masu taurin suna da mahimmanci don lura da lafiyar muhalli.
- Ma'aunin zafi da sanyio: Don saka idanu zafin rana.
- Substrate da kayan ado: Baya ga aikin adonsu, suna ba da matsuguni da wuraren ɓoye don kifi.
Chemistry na ruwa: pH, hardness da sauran sigogi
Ingancin ruwa shine mabuɗin rayuwa da walwalar kifi. Mafi mahimmancin sigogi don saka idanu sune:
- pH: Yana auna matakin acidity ko alkalinity na ruwa. Yawancin kifayen ruwa masu zafi suna rayuwa tsakanin 6.5 da 7.5.
- Tauri (GH da KH): Yana nuna ƙaddamar da ma'adanai. Wasu nau'in sun fi son ruwa mai laushi (ƙananan taurin), yayin da wasu sun fi son ruwa mai wuya.
- Ammoniya, nitrite da matakan nitrate: Ammoniya da nitrites ya kamata koyaushe su kasance a sifili. Nitrates ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 40 MG / lita.
- Zazzabi: Gabaɗaya tsakanin 22 zuwa 26 ° C ga yawancin nau'ikan wurare masu zafi, kodayake yana iya bambanta dangane da kifin.
Guji canje-canje kwatsam ga waɗannan sigogi. Canje-canje a hankali ba su da wahala ga mazaunan akwatin kifaye. Idan kana buƙatar canza su, yi haka a hankali kuma tabbatar da tasirin tare da ingantattun gwaje-gwaje.
Hana Cututtuka da Matsaloli a cikin akwatin kifaye
Hanya mafi kyau don guje wa cututtuka a cikin kifi da sauran mazauna shine a ajiye su a cikin wani yanayi mara damuwa tare da ingancin ruwa mai kyauMahimman abubuwan da za a yi la'akari:
- Guji cin abinci fiye da kima, tun da ragowar ke haifar da wuce haddi na gina jiki da yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa.
- Yi canjin ruwa na yau da kullun don tsarma yiwuwar gurɓataccen abu.
- Keɓewa don sabon kifi: Wannan zai hana ku gabatar da parasites ko cututtuka ga kafuwar kifi.
- Koyaushe bincika kifi a cikin kantin sayar da, guje wa duk wani da ke nuna alamun cuta, yin iyo mara kyau, ko lalacewar fin.
- Kula da tsabta kuma ku guje wa samfuran sinadarai mara amfani. Yi maganin akwatin kifaye kawai idan ya zama dole kuma ƙarƙashin shawarwarin.
- Wuri mai kyau, tare da matsuguni, wurare masu inuwa, da ruwa mai laushi, yana taimakawa kifin ya sami nutsuwa da lafiya.
Nasihu na ƙarshe don farawa mai nasara a cikin kifin ruwa
La haƙuri da kuma ci gaba da horo Su ne mafi kyawun abokan tarayya ga kowane mai sha'awar sha'awa. Ɗauki lokaci don karantawa, tuntuɓi maɓuɓɓuka masu dogara, da yin tambayoyi akan taruka na musamman kafin yanke shawara mai mahimmanci (kamar gabatar da sababbin nau'in, gyara sigogi, ko amfani da jiyya).
Sayi kifi da kayan aikin ku daga amintattun shagunan kuma, idan kuna da dama, ziyarci da yawa don kwatanta inganci da shawara. Kar ku kasance da sha'awa: galibin kura-kurai da masu farawa ke yi na faruwa ne saboda gaggawar yanke shawara ko rashin samun bayanai.
Matsaloli a cikin akwatin kifaye na iya zama hana Sauƙi tare da ingantaccen tushe na ilimi da daidaitaccen tsarin kulawa. Za ku ji daɗin akwatin kifayen ku har ma idan kuna ciyar da 'yan mintoci kaɗan kowace rana kallo da kula da shi.
