Kuna iya yanke shawara ko kuna da ruwan sha mai kyau ko ruwan kifin ruwan kifi. Idan ka zabi na biyun, ya kamata ka sani cewa halayen ba ɗaya bane. Ruwan akwatin kifin na bukatar kulawa daban daban da ruwan sha. Bugu da kari, za ku buƙaci wani nau'in tsire-tsire na cikin ruwa da kifin da suka dace da ruwan gishiri.
Kana so ka sani duk abin da kuke buƙata don shirya akwatin kifin ruwan gishirin ku? Ci gaba da karantawa, saboda wannan shine post ɗin ku
Girkawar Ruwan Saltwater
Shigar da wannan nau'in akwatin kifaye yana buƙatar kowane ɓangaren da ya tsara shi yayi cikakken bayani. Sabili da haka, zamu rarraba abubuwan da ke cikin akwatin kifaye a cikin kowane mahimmin abu kuma mu bayyana buƙatun. Kafin ka fara, ayyana nau'in aikin cewa kana so ka tara, saboda yana ƙayyade kayan aiki: tanki kifi kawai (Kifi Kawai) ya fi a reef akwatin kifaye tare da murjani da invertebrates. Tsarin Reef yana buƙatar ƙarin haske mai ƙarfi, kwanciyar hankali sinadarai, da a hankali farawa.
Buri
Kasan akwatin kifayen ruwa dole ne ya ba da damar isashen sarari ga mazaunan kwayoyin cutar aerobic. Dole ne waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta su raba yankin tare da wadannan anaerobes da za a samu a cikin teku.
Mafi dacewa kayan don seabed shine yashi mai yalwar gaske. Wannan kayan yana ba mu damar samun babban abun ciki na lemun tsami, wanda ke taimaka mana daidaita pH. Bugu da kari, yana bamu kyakyawa mai kyau da kuma salon halitta.
Dangane da irin nau'in de peces kana da, za ka bukatar daya kasa ko wani. Misali, ga waɗancan kifin na cikin odar Perciformes, ana buƙatar ƙasa mai yashi. Wadannan nau'ikan an rufe su da yashi a lokacin hutunsu na dare. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci ainihin bukatunsa kafin siyan kifi.
Idan za ku yi amfani da yawancin halin yanzu, la'akari da a yashi mai nauyi don hana substrate daga busa. Kauri na 2-3 cm yana inganta aikin tacewa na halitta kuma yana rage tarkace aljihu; idan kana neman gado mai zurfi tare da yankunan anaerobic, shirya kulawa don hana ginawa.
Tacewar ruwan gishiri
Don tsabtace datti da ke tarawa a cikin akwatinan ruwa ana bukata filtata na musamman don ruwan gishiri. Waɗannan matatun za su iya riƙe barbashin da ya fi na ruwa mai kyau girma. Dole ne a tsaftace filtata a kai a kai don guje wa gurɓatar ruwan akwatin kifaye a kowane lokaci. Tare da matattara mai tsabta kawai, za mu iya sanya shi tsawon lokaci kuma mu tsaftace ruwan.
A gefe guda, bai kamata mu wuce gona da iri a tsaftace matatar ba tunda zamu kawo cikas ga kafa ofan mulkin mallaka.
Banda babban tace, da furotin skimmer Yana da mahimmanci a aikace-aikacen ruwa: yana allurar microbubbles waɗanda ke kama da narkar da mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta (kafin su zama nitrates da phosphates) kuma suna fitar da su a cikin nau'in kumfa. Yana rage nauyin halittaYana inganta oxygenation kuma yana taimakawa hana algae blooms. Ana iya shigar da shi a cikin tanki kanta (kananan raka'a) ko a cikin sump.
Masu amfani da wutar lantarki na akwatin kifaye
Kowane nau'in kifin yana buƙatar takamaiman zazzabi. Misali, idan muna son samun akwatin kifaye na nau'ikan wurare masu zafi za mu bukata mai dumama-zafin jiki. Ana amfani da wannan don ɗaga zafin ruwan zuwa abin da kifin yake buƙata. Ta wannan hanyar za su iya rayuwa daidai ba tare da fuskantar kowace irin cuta ko cuta ba.
Farashin ruwa Su ne mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren akwatin kifaye na ruwa. Shine wanda yake samar da hanyoyin ruwan da ake buƙata don sake fasalin mazaunin ruwan. Kifi na buƙatar waɗannan raƙuman ruwa don "ji a gida." Dole ne a sanya fanfunan a cikin hanyar da babu wurare da tsayayyen ruwa. Dole ne kuyi ƙoƙari ku sami daidaitaccen halin yanzu a cikin duk akwatin kifaye.
A matsayin tunani, a cikin akwatin kifayen ruwa na ruwa yana da kyau a cimma a jimlar wurare dabam dabam na 20-30 sau ƙarar tanki a cikin awa ɗaya ta amfani da ƙananan famfo da yawa don guje wa matattun yankuna. Don tsarin kifi-kawai, sau 10-15 yawanci ya isa. Idan kana da sump, da dawo da famfo dole ne ya motsa tsakanin sau 5-10 na jimlar ƙara a kowace awa.
Takamammen haske don marine
Haske yana da yanke hukunci Idan kun ajiye murjani. Murjani masu laushi da SPS suna buƙatar haske tare da bakan da ya dace (haɗin farin da shuɗi mai aiki); LPS yawanci yayi kyau tare da fifikon shuɗi. A yau, ingancin LED fuska Suna ba ka damar daidaita bakan da ƙarfi, rage amfani da zafi. Guji hasken rana kai tsaye don hana algae da canjin zafi.
A cikin tsarin kifi-kawai, matsakaicin haske ya wadatar. Don tsarin reef, shirya tsawon sa'o'i 8-12 kuma amfani da masu ƙidayar lokaci zuwa kwanciyar hankali na yau da kullun.
Sump da mayar da famfo
El zufa Wani akwatin kifaye ne na taimako wanda aka haɗa da babban inda kayan aikin (skimmer, hita, kayan halitta, reactors) ke zama a waje. Yana bayar da ƙarin ƙarar ruwa, inganta oxygenation da pH kwanciyar hankali, da kuma sauƙaƙe kiyayewa. Mai dawo da famfo yana tabbatar da ci gaba da gudana tsakanin sump da tanki; yana da ƙimar daidaitacce mai daidaitacce na 5-10 sau da girman tsarin a kowace awa.
Wuri, tushe da murfi
Sanya akwatin kifaye a wani wuri ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ko tushen zafi ba, a kan madaidaicin tushe tare da tabarma mai girgiza. A madaidaicin murfin gilashin yana rage evaporation, yana kula da ƙarin kwanciyar hankali kuma yana hana tsalle de pecesYi la'akari da dabaru na canje-canjen ruwa da yuwuwar yayyafa gishiri akan kayan daki na kusa.
Gishirin gishiri
Tunda amfani da ruwan teku na halitta yana da rikitarwa, kuna buƙata gishiri. Dole ne a shirya ruwan teku don akwatin kifaye ta amfani juya ruwan osmosis da gishirin teku. Wannan yana sa yanayin cikin akwatin kifaye ya zama mai karko kuma baya samar da manyan canje-canje. Gishirin SERA yana da kyakkyawar kamala, kuma yana narkewa cikin sauri ba tare da saura ba, yana samar da ruwan teku mai haske.
Tsarin da aka ba da shawarar: cika da ruwan osmosis, aerate da zafi, ƙara gishiri kadan kadan har sai ya kai 35 g/L kusan., Mix 24-48 h kuma duba yawa tare da hydrometer ko refractometer (1.023-1.026). Kada a ƙara gishiri kai tsaye a kan kifi ko invertebrates a cikin tanki.
Live duwatsu da ado
da rayayyun duwatsu (ko yumbu madadin) samar da surface ga nitrifying kwayoyin cuta da microfauna da ke taimakawa wajen tsarkake ruwa. Sanya su a cikin kwanciyar hankali (gadaji, kogo, rataye) barin barin wuraren ninkaya da wuraren buyaIdan kun zaɓi dutsen wucin gadi, ma'aunin ilimin halitta yana ɗaukar ɗan lokaci kaɗan don kafawa, amma kuna rage kwari.
A cikin 'yan makonnin farko yana al'ada don gani babban adadin nitrates da nitrates. Hakuri: tsarin yana daidaitawa a hankali. Kuna iya amfani da takamaiman manne ko siminti masu saita saitin sauri don amintaccen tsari.
Farawa: hawan keke da gabatarwar mazauna
Da zarar an haɗa, fara hawan keke da akwatin kifayeWannan lokacin yana ba da damar yanayi don daidaitawa. kwayoyin wanda ke canza ammonium/ammonia zuwa nitrites sannan ya zama nitrates. Tare da dutsen mai rai, tsarin yawanci yana da sauri. Saka idanu NH3/NH4, NO2, da NO3 mako-mako har ammonium da nitrites sun kasance a 0.
- Lokaci na 1: Gabatar da ɓangarorin farko (katantanwa, katantanwa) lokacin da ba a iya gano NO2 kuma NO3 ya yi ƙasa. Suna taimakawa tsaftace tarkace.
- Lokaci na 2: Bayan makonni 2-3, ƙara ƙarin invertebrates (shrimp, ƙarin katantanwa) idan sigogi sun kasance masu ƙarfi.
- Lokaci na 3: Ƙara murjani masu laushi a hankali. Hard murjani (musamman SPS) yana buƙatar ƙarin balaga; jira watanni da yawa.
- Lokaci na 4: Gabatar da kifi na ƙarshe, tare da tsarin tsayayye da kuma bayan invertebrates.
Aiwatar keɓe masu ciwo a duk lokacin da zai yiwu, kuma sannu a hankali acclimatize kowane sabon mazaunin. Ka guje wa cunkoso: a cikin wuraren zama na ruwa, nauyin halitta mai jurewa ya yi ƙasa da na wuraren zama na ruwa.
Sarrafa da saka idanu na sigogi
Kula da yanayin yanayin ruwa lafiya ya dogara da a na yau da kullun bibiya kuma ruwa ya canza. A matsayin babban jagora:
- Zazzabi: duba kullun (24-26 ºC don wurare masu zafi).
- Yawa/salinity: sau 1 a mako.
- pH: 1-2 sau a mako (7,8-8,4 dangane da tsarin).
- Nitrates da phosphates: 1-2 sau a mako, musamman a kan reef.
- KH (alkalinity), Ca da Mg: Sau ɗaya a mako a kan reef; don kifi kawai, duba aƙalla kowane mako biyu.
Kayan aiki masu amfani: gwaje-gwajen launi (sauri da arha), masu daukar hoto (mafi girman daidaito), ma'aunin zafi da zafi dijital, densitometers ko refractometers kuma, don ci-gaba bincike, ICP (inductively coupled plasma) wanda ke gano karafa da rashin daidaituwa.
Shirye-shiryen canza ruwa 10% kowane wata a matsayin farawa (daidaita bisa ga kaya da karatu). A cikin aquariums tare da murjani, yana iya zama dole kashi alli, carbonates (KH) da magnesium, ko amfani da cikakkun hanyoyin yin allurai don kiyaye matakan kwanciyar hankali.
Tsire-tsire don akwatin ruwa na ruwa
Shuke-shuke waɗanda za mu sanya a cikin akwatin kifaye na ruwan gishiri suna buƙatar ƙarin takamaiman kulawa. Ba kowane irin tsire-tsire ne kawai zai yi ba. Kowane irin shuka yana buƙatar girman tankin kifin mai dacewa. Dole ne mu lissafa ƙarar akwatin kifaye da ake buƙata don samun shuke-shuke da kifi ba tare da "damuwa" ba.
Anan ga karamin jerin mafi kyawun shuke-shuke don akwatin kifaye na ruwa.
Gashin aski
Wadannan tsirrai suna da wanda yayi kama da burushin wanzami. Suna da koren launi kuma ganyensu fuka-fukai ne. Girma mafi kyau a gindin yashi kuma yana yin tsakanin inci 3 zuwa 4 a shekara. Kyakkyawan ra'ayi ne don haɗawa tare da kifi na kayan kwalliyar kwalliya waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙasan yashi. Waɗannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar haske mai yawa da matsakaiciyar kwararar ruwa.
Bubble algae
Wadannan algae a wasu lokuta ana daukar su da damuwa tunda, idan ba a kiyaye akwatin kifin da kyau ba, zai mamaye su. Koyaya, idan kuna da kyakkyawar lura, zasu iya kasancewa ɗayan mafi kyawun tsirrai don akwatin ruwa na ruwa.
Salatin Ruwa
Koren algae ne wanda yake aiki azaman abinci ga wasu kifaye masu tsire-tsire masu ƙoshin lafiya. Manya ne, suna da zagaye ganye kuma rubutunsu yayi rauni. Hakanan suna aiki azaman matattarar halitta tunda yana taimakawa wajen kawar da nitrates da phosphates masu cutarwa. Za a iya dasa letas na teku a ƙasan akwatin kifaye ko a bar shi ya yi iyo da yardar kaina.
Kunkuru ciyawa
Wannan tsire-tsire kuma ana kiranta da sunan yarinya budurwa. Koren algae ne wanda yake dauke da fuka-fukai masu fuka-fukai da filaments mai fasalin bututu. Girmansa ya taɓa inci 6 a shekara. Ana iya dasa shi a kan tekun kuma ya tsiro a tufts. Yana fitar da guba wanda, alhali ba mai guba ba, yana da karfi sosai har yana hana kifi cin tsire.
Nasiha mai amfani: idan kun haɗa macroalgae a cikin sump ko mafaka (kamar Chaetomorpha), taimakawa daidaita abubuwan gina jiki da samar da wurin zama ga microfauna, kiyaye nuni daga yaɗuwar da ba a so.
Kifi don akwatin kifaye na ruwa
Kamar tsire-tsire, kifin ruwan gishiri baya buƙatar kulawa iri ɗaya kamar kifin ruwa mai kyau. Anan kuna da jerin wasu nau'in ruwan gishiri.
'Yan mata
Wannan nau'in Ana ba da shawarar sosai don sabbin shiga zuwa akwatin ruwa na ruwa. Suna da faɗi 7 cm kuma suna kaɗaice. Sun dace da yanayin sauƙin, don haka basu buƙatar kulawa da yawa. Suna da ɗan yanki tare da sauran kifin, amma basa ba da matsala.
Kayataccen kifi
El kifin kifi Fitaccen kifi ne da ya shahara saboda sunansa da kalar jikinsa. Yana da kyau a sami gindin murjani don waɗannan kifi. Sun fi tsananin zafi na ruwa. Hakanan suna iya zama ɗan muni ga sauran nau'ikan.
Kifin likita
El likita mai fiɗa Yana da launin shuɗi kuma yana iya girma har zuwa 40 cm tsayi. Suna da farin jini sosai, kodayake kulawar su tana da rikitarwa sosai. Idan wannan shine karon farko da kuke ajiye akwatin kifayen gishiri, ba a ba da shawarar wannan kifi ba. Yana zaune a cikin reefs kuma yana buƙatar babban haske da kwanciyar hankali.
Mala'ikan kifi
El Mala'ikan kifi na masu kwarewa ne. Za su iya kai wa 30 cm tsayi kuma su kaɗai ne. Sun daidaita da kyau zuwa aquariums kuma suna buƙatar manyan girma. Idan ana kulawa da su da kyau, zasu iya yin shekaru 10.
Kayan aikin akwatin kifaye na ruwan gishiri Kudinsa yakai Euro 80. Idan kuna tunanin saita akwatin kifaye na farko, zai fi kyau ku zaɓi kayan farawa.
Ƙarin kayan aiki da shawarwarin kulawa
- Juya tsarin osmosis: yana ba da garantin tsaftataccen ruwa mai tsafta, rage algae da gurɓataccen ruwa daga famfo.
- Filler ta atomatik: rama evaporation tare da ruwa mai dadi kuma yana kula da salinity akai-akai.
- Tsarin tsaftacewa: cire tarkace daga cikin ma'auni, kiyaye skimmer mai tsabta, goge goge, canza ko wanke injiniyoyi.
- Yawo: Sanya famfo da yawa suna nunawa a wurare daban-daban kuma daidaita don guje wa wuraren da ke kwarara matattu.
Shawarwari na ruwa sigogi
- Zazzabi: 24-26 ºC a cikin wurare masu zafi; a cikin ruwan sanyi na ruwa, ƙananan kuma tare da firiji idan ya cancanta.
- pH: 7,8-8,4, tare da kyakkyawan iska da kwanciyar hankali KH.
- Salinity / yawa: 1.023-1.026 (kimanin 35 g/L).
- KH: 8-12 dKH (Ref yawanci ya fi son 8-9).
- Kalsali: 400-450 ppm; Magnesium: 1.300-1.450 ppm.
- Oxygen: sama da 7 MG / l; mai kyau surface tashin hankali.
- Nitrites: 0 mg/l; Nitrates: ci gaba da ƙasa (mafi kyau <10-20 mg / L dangane da tsarin).
- Phosphates: ƙananan matakan don guje wa algae (musamman a kan reefs).
Tare da wannan bayanin, zaku iya shirya akwatin kifayen teku tare da nau'ikan de peces kuma mafi yawan shawarar tsire-tsire. Zaɓi nau'in tanki mai dacewa, shirya ruwa daidai, shirya wurare dabam dabam da haske, kuma bin gabatarwa da jadawalin gwaji zai sanya ku a cikin mafi kyawun matsayi don jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali, launi, da kuma dawwama ga yanayin yanayin ruwa a gida.