A cikin tsakiyar Gabashin Pacific na Tropical, wasu tsibiran teku sun zama tabbatacce wurare masu tsarki na sharkinda har yanzu ana iya samun manya-manyan makarantun maharba wadanda kusan suka bace a wasu yankunan. Waɗannan ɓangarorin marine suna aiki a matsayin mafaka ta ƙarshe don nau'ikan alamu da barazana kamar su scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini).
Galapagos (Ecuador), Malpelo (Colombia), Clipperton (Faransa) da Revillagigedo (Mexico) sun fice a matsayin wuraren da ke tattare da kifin sharks da sauran su. kifi mai cin nama Wannan na musamman ne, bisa ga ɗaya daga cikin ingantattun bincike har zuwa yau na manyan mafarauta a Gabashin Tropical Pacific. Yayin da waɗannan wurare masu tsarki na teku ke tsaye, yankunan bakin teku masu kariya suna nuna alamun raguwa.
Galapagos da bel na yankin Pacific na Latin Amurka
Tsibirin Galapagos ya kafa kansa a matsayin cibiyar duniya don kariyar sharktare da ɗimbin mutane waɗanda ƙananan yankuna na duniya zasu iya daidaitawa. A can, nau'o'in irin su hammerhead shark, blacktip shark, da sauran manyan kifaye masu farauta suna rayuwa tare, suna kiyaye ma'auni na yanayin yanayin ruwa.
Wannan bel na wurare masu tsarki a cikin yankin Pacific na Latin Amurka ya tashi daga Mexico zuwa Ecuador kuma ya haɗa da Galapagos, Malpelo, Clipperton da RevillagigedoDuk waɗannan wuraren da ake kariyar ruwa suna gida ne ga yawan kifayen kifaye, wani abu da ba a cika samunsa ba saboda kifin kifaye, gurɓata yanayi, da gurɓacewar muhalli a wasu yankuna na teku.
A cikin wannan yanayin, abubuwan da ke biyo baya sun fi dacewa musamman: Gabashin Tropical Pacific Marine Corridor (CMAR)Ƙaddamar da haɗin kai wanda ke haɗa ruwan Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, da Costa Rica ta hanyar ilimin halitta. Wannan corridor yana aiki azaman nau'in babbar hanyar karkashin ruwa wanda ke kiyaye hanyoyin ƙaura da tara manyan mafarauta.
Masana kimiyya sun jaddada cewa Galapagos Marine Reserve, ya fadada a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya wuce Kilomita 193.000Ya zama yanki mai karfi. Ƙarfafa matsayin kariya ta Ecuador a matsayin babban ɗan wasa a cikin kiyaye shark na duniya kuma a cikin binciken ruwa ana amfani da su ga waɗannan mafarauta.
Teku wanda har yanzu yayi kama da na baya: mafaka don hammerhead shark
Tsibiran teku na Gabashin Tropical Pacific masu bincike sun bayyana su a matsayin nau'in "taga zuwa baya"Waɗannan wurare ne da har yanzu ganin manyan makarantun kifayen kifaye da kifaye na yau da kullun ya zama ruwan dare, ba banda ba. A cikin waɗannan wurare masu tsarki, shark ɗin hammerhead da ya ɓalle har yanzu yana kula da yawan jama'a, duk da an jera shi a matsayin mai hatsarin gaske.
Bayanan da aka tattara sun nuna cewa Galapagos da Malpelo Waɗannan tsibiran suna da mafi girman yawan gani na hammerhead shark a yankin, yana mai da su mahimmin mafaka ga nau'in. A lokaci guda, an lura da Clipperton da sauran wurare don zama wuraren hulɗar tsakanin mutane daga sassa daban-daban na Pacific.
Binciken ya kuma bayyana cewa, duk da ci gaban da aka samu, yawan kifin shark a duniya ya ragu da kusan kashi dari a cikin shekaru 50 da suka wuce. 70%, bisa ga kiyasi daga Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kare Halitta (IUCN). Wannan raguwar yaduwa Yana ba ma mafi girma dabarun ƙima ga wurare masu tsarki inda yawancin jama'a ke da lafiya.
A cewar masana, waɗannan ɓangarori ba wai kawai suna adana nau'ikan alamomi bane, har ma suna ba da izini don lura yadda ya kamata teku mai lafiya ya yi aikitare da mafarauta masu yawa a saman sarkar abinci. Ci gaba da kasancewar hammerhead, blacktip, ko silvertip sharks alama ce ta cigaban yanayin yanayin ruwa.
Hanyoyin kimiyya don fahimtar wuraren tsafi na shark
Binciken da ya mayar da hankali kan waɗannan wurare masu tsarki ya gudana ta hanyar Charles Darwin FoundationNational Geographic Pristine Seas da Galapagos National Park Directorate, a tsakanin sauran yankuna, sun hada kai kan binciken. Aikin, wanda aka buga a cikin mujallolin PLOS, ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin cikakken nazarin sharks da manyan mafarauta a Gabashin Tropical Pacific.
Don tantance matsayin yawan jama'a, an yi amfani da waɗannan abubuwan: tashoshin bidiyo na karkashin ruwa mai nisa tare da kotoWadannan na'urori, da aka tura a zurfin daban-daban, suna jawo hankalin sharks da sauran manyan kifaye, suna ba da damar yin rikodin kasancewar su ba tare da buƙatar masu ruwa ba, wanda ya rage tasirin namun daji da kuma inganta wakilcin bayanan.
Ƙungiyar kimiyya ta yi amfani da wannan hanya zuwa wurare huɗu masu kariya daga tekun teku (Galapagos, Malpelo, Clipperton da Revillagigedo) da kuma a yankunan bakin teku da aka karewa, kamar Machalilla da Galera San Francisco a Ecuador, da Isla del Caño a Costa Rica. Kwatanta tsakanin waɗannan mahallin ya tabbatar da bayyanawa musamman.
A cikin Clipperton, alal misali, an rubuta cewa yawancin sharks da aka lura sun fito ne daga tsibirin Galapagos. samfurori na yaraWannan tsari yana nuna cewa wannan tsibiri mai nisa na Faransa yana aiki azaman wurin kiwo, yana samar da wuraren zama masu aminci ga farkon rayuwar kifin hammerhead da sauran nau'ikan.
A wasu yankunan tekuna na corridor iri ɗaya, masu bincike da farko sun rubuta manya da manyan mutaneWannan yana nuna suna aiki azaman wuraren ciyarwa ko tarawa ga manya. Wannan mosaic na ayyuka yana canza waɗannan tsibiran zuwa hanyar sadarwa na madaidaitan wurare masu tsarki.
Al'ummomi daban-daban, gudanarwa daban-daban a kowane wuri mai tsarki
Binciken bidiyon da yanayin yanayin teku ya nuna cewa al'ummomi de peces mafarauta sun bambanta sosai tsakanin tsibiran teku daban-daban. Abubuwa kamar igiyoyin ruwa na yanki, zafin ruwa, da wadatar abinci sun bayyana wasu daga cikin waɗannan bambance-bambancen.
A kudancin marine kare yankunan, irin su Galapagos da Malpelo, gaban na kowa hammerhead shark Ya fi kowa yawa. Waɗannan yankuna da alama suna ba da kyawawan yanayi don haifuwarsu, ciyarwa, da ƙaura, zama matsuguni na gaske ga nau'in.
Sabanin haka, mafi girma yawan Silvertip shark (Carcharhinus albimarginatus), da aka jera a matsayin nau'i mai rauni. Wannan rarrabuwar jinsin da ba ta dace ba tana ƙarfafa ra'ayin cewa kowane wuri mai tsarki yana cika takamaiman aikin muhalli.
A cewar mawallafa, waɗannan alamu sun bayyana a fili cewa Babu girke-girke na adanawa guda ɗaya. Aiwatar da duk yankin. Dole ne a daidaita tsarin kula da kowane yanki mai kariya daga ruwa zuwa takamaiman yanayin muhallinsa da nau'in da yake ɗauke da shi, la'akari da hanyoyin ƙaura, wuraren kiwo, da wuraren ciyarwa.
Masu bincike sun nace cewa ingantacciyar kariyar waɗannan wurare masu tsarki ya dogara da dabarun gudanarwa masu dacewaƘoƙarin haɗin gwiwar duniya yana da mahimmanci. A cikin yankin da sharks ke tafiya na dubban kilomita, matakan keɓancewa na ƙasa ɗaya ba su gaza ba idan ba a haɗa su ta hanyoyi kamar CMAR ba.
Bambanci tare da yankunan bakin teku: wurare masu tsarki a cikin haɗari
Yayin da tsibiran teku na Gabashin Tropical Pacific ke nunawa yawan adadin sharksHotunan sun sha bamban sosai a yankunan da ke kare tekun teku. A cikin waɗannan wuraren, kyamarori na ƙarƙashin ruwa sun yi rikodin manyan maharbi kaɗan da ƙarancin halitta. de peces ƙananan ƙananan.
Masana kimiyya sun fassara wannan yanayin a matsayin a alamar yanayin yanayin bakin teku a ƙarƙashin matsin lambaDuk da cewa an ayyana su a matsayin wuraren kariya, da yawa daga cikin wadannan shiyyoyin sun sha wahala tsawon shekaru daga... cin kamun kifi mara dorewa, wanda ke ci gaba da rage yawan kifin sharks da sauran manyan kifi.
A wasu wuraren da aka yi nazari a bakin teku, sakamakon ya nuna cewa mai yiwuwa manyan maharbi ne partaly ko gaba ɗaya kawar na tsarin marine. Wannan asara yana rushe ma'auni na muhalli kuma yana iya haifar da illa ga sarƙoƙin abinci da wuraren zama na bakin teku, daga raƙuman ruwa zuwa ƙasan dutse.
Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan yankunan bakin teku masu fama da talauci da wuraren tsafi na teku na Galapagos, Malpelo, Clipperton ko Revillagigedo ya kwatanta. biyu yiwuwa nan gaba ga tekuna: daya wanda sharks ke ci gaba da cika aikinsu na muhalli da kuma wani wanda a zahiri suka bace daga filin karkashin ruwa.
Idan aka yi la’akari da wannan gaskiyar, masana sun ba da shawarar ƙarfafa hanyoyin sarrafa kamun kifi, da faɗaɗa wuraren da ba a kamun kifi, da inganta sa ido a kimiyya, da nufin mayar da gaban sharks a yankunan da, a takarda, sun riga sun sami kariya amma a aikace ba a gudanar da su yadda ya kamata ba.
Sakamakon wannan babban aikin kimiyya Galapagos, Malpelo, Clipperton da Revillagigedo kamar yadda maɓalli masu mahimmanci a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta duniya na wuraren mafaka na sharkWadannan tsibiran teku, tare da hanyoyi kamar CMAR da kuma wuraren da ke da kariyar teku na Latin Amurka Pacific, suna wakiltar a yau wasu daga cikin bastions na ƙarshe inda shark na hammerhead da sauran manyan mafarauta ke ci gaba da bunƙasa, kuma inda ake yanke shawarar yawancin makomar waɗannan nau'o'in a cikin teku.
