La kiwo na zamani Yana caca da makomarsa yadda suke gudanar da hanyoyin sadarwar su: daga kejin kitso na kifi zuwa tsarin kariya na mafarauta da yadda ake sarrafa kifin yau da kullun. Yayin da gonaki ke matsawa zuwa wuraren da aka fallasa tare da igiyoyi masu ƙarfi da matsanancin yanayi, gidajen sauro na gargajiya sun ragu, kuma ƙarin fasaha da sabbin hanyoyin warwarewa sun shigo cikin wasa.
Bayan waɗannan mafita akwai babban aiki mai yawa bincike a cikin kayan aiki, ƙirar raga da haɗaɗɗun polymer wanda ke bin maƙasudi sau uku bayyananne: don haɓaka yawan aiki, rage haɗarin aiki da matsawa zuwa mafi ɗorewar kiwo, tare da ƙasa da ƙasa. sharar roba da ƙarin kayan aiki masu ɗorewa. Za mu duba dalla-dalla, tare da takamaiman misalai, kan yadda gidajen ruwa ke canzawa da kuma irin damar da kasuwa ke bayarwa a yau.
Muhimmancin zabar gidajen yanar gizo masu kyau a cikin kiwo
A cikin mahallin kamar su Noman Salmon a wuraren da ake ƙara fallasa, Cage net (ko rufaffiyar kejiBa “jakar” mai sauƙi ce mai ɗauke da kifi ba: muhimmin abu ne don aminci, jin daɗin dabbobi, da riba. Ƙarfin igiyoyin ruwa, manyan raƙuman ruwa, da kasancewar maharbi irin su zakin teku suna buƙatar yin amfani da sifofi marasa nauyi amma masu juriya, tare da tarunan da ke kula da siffarsu kuma ba su ba da hanya a ƙarƙashin matsi na ruwa.
Kamfanoni da suka ƙware a cikin filayen fasaha don kiwo sun fara hada kimiyyar kayan aiki, ilimin filin da kuma ƙirar al'ada don daidaita kowace hanyar sadarwa zuwa ga dabarun samarwa na kowace cibiya. Wuraren da ke cikin fjord mai mafaka ba ɗaya ba ne da cibiyar da aka fallasa ga buɗaɗɗen teku, haka kuma wurin da ke da ƙaƙƙarfan gaban zakin teku daidai yake da wanda ba shi da manyan mafarauta.
Wannan keɓancewa yana samun goyan bayan ƙungiyoyin koyarwa da yawa a inda masana kimiyyar kayan, masana kimiyyar polymer da ƙwararrun fiber na fasaha Suna aiki hannu da hannu tare da manajojin cibiyar. Mafarin farawa shine sauraron irin matsalolin da suke da su: nakasar keji, harin mafarauta, lalata da yawa, lokutan tsaftacewa, wahalar sarrafa tarunan nauyi, da sauransu.
Dangane da wannan bayanin, an bayyana waɗannan abubuwan: cakuda polymer, nau'in yarn, sutura, da geometries raga wanda ke ba da damar tsawaita rayuwa, rage nauyi, ƙara ƙarfin tsari, ko sauƙin wankewa akan wurin. Makullin shine don cimma babban inganci, amintattun gidajen yanar gizo waɗanda ke yin tsayin daka da amfani da rage farashin aiki a matsakaici da dogon lokaci.
Bugu da ƙari, hangen nesa ya kasance yana ƙarfafawa wanda ke haɗawa da dorewa da rage sharar filastik a matsayin ma'aunin ƙira na asali. Don haka tura hanyoyin sadarwar da za a sake amfani da su, kayan da za a iya dawo dasu a ƙarshen rayuwarsu mai amfani, har ma da mafita waɗanda ke sauƙaƙe bin diddigi da gano kowane yanki na kayan aiki don ingantaccen sarrafa kulawa da zubar da shi daga ƙarshe.
Nets don keji de peces: sababbi, mafi inganci tsararraki
Daya daga cikin mafi wakilcin iyalai na wannan juyin halitta sune raga don akwatin kifaye ko cages na kifaye An ƙera su tare da dunƙule dunƙulewa da ci-gaban zaruruwa, waɗannan gidajen sauro suna nufin kiyaye tsayayyen siffar keji, tsayayya da yankewa da lalacewa, da nauyi ƙasa da tarunan gargajiya.
Daga cikin wadannan mafita, zane-zane ya fito wanda "kurwa" na kirtani ya haɗa da abin da aka haɗa Wannan jigon yana ba da rigidity da daidaituwa. Yana hana keji daga lalacewa da yawa a ƙarƙashin halin yanzu, yana rarraba kaya da kyau, kuma yana rage gajiyar kayan aiki akan lokaci. Sakamakon aiki shine mafi ɗorewa, cibiyar sadarwa mafi aminci wanda ke buƙatar ƴan shisshigi na gyara a duk tsawon rayuwar sa.
An haɓaka wasu bambance-bambancen wannan dangin na cibiyoyin sadarwa a ciki cikakkun nau'ikan sake amfani da suAn tsara waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan don a iya sake dawo da kayan cikin sarƙoƙi na sake amfani da su a ƙarshen rayuwarsa. Suna nufin kiyaye ƙarfin injina da ƙaƙƙarfan nau'ikan gargajiya, amma tare da ƙaramin sawun muhalli da ingantaccen sarrafa sharar filastik.
Wani mahimmin al'amari na cibiyoyin sadarwar keji shine halayen su ta fuskar Biofouling da tsabtace hawan kekeAbubuwan fuska na musamman na raga don wankewa a kan wurin suna samuwa a kasuwa, an tsara su don tsayayya da tsaftacewa akai-akai tare da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci, kiyaye tsarin su da ƙarfin su. Wasu an ƙera su don a yi musu ciki da fenti na hana ɓarna, yayin da wasu suna rage wannan amfani ta hanyar gama-garin fasaha ko kayan da ba su da saurin lalacewa.
A cikin layi daya, wasu hanyoyin magance na zamani sun fara haɗawa sadarwa, saka idanu da fasahar bayar da rahotoMisali, tsarin da ke sauƙaƙa rikodin waɗanne ƙayyadaddun net ɗin da aka shigar a cikin kowane keji, waɗanne zagayowar wanki da aka karɓa, tsawon lokacin da aka yi aiki, ko kuma wane irin yanayin da ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashinsa, yana ba da damar yanke shawara mafi kyau game da kulawa da sauyawa.
Tarun Wolf da kariya daga mafarauta
A yawancin wuraren samarwa, da hare-haren da zakuna na teku da sauran maharba Suna daya daga cikin manyan ciwon kai a masana'antar. Tarun zakin teku sun ƙara haɓaka daidai don mu'amala da dabbobi masu ƙarfi, haziƙai, da tsayin daka yayin da ake zuwa wurin kifi.
Zane-zane na yanzu suna mayar da hankali kan haɗa mahimman sigogi guda uku: Ƙarfin jujjuyawar ƙarfi, ƙarfin juzu'i da taurin hanyar sadarwaGogaggen yana tabbatar da cewa zanen baya tsagewa a ƙarƙashin ci gaba da ja, juriyar yankan yana sa da wuya mafarauci ya huda raga da haƙoransa, kuma ƙaƙƙarfan yana sa net ɗin ya ragu sosai lokacin da dabbar ta yi caji ko ƙoƙarin tura ta.
Wannan haɗin sau uku ya ba da damar samun damar sanannen raguwa a cikin mita da nasarar hare-hare a cikin wuraren kiwon kiwo inda aka shigar da tsarin tarkon wolf masu girma. A wasu kasuwanni, wasu samfura sun zama ma'auni na masana'antu a zahiri saboda kyakkyawan sakamakonsu da iyawarsu don daidaitawa da ƙirar keji daban-daban.
Daga cikin mafi yawan hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su a tarihi akwai cibiyoyin sadarwa waɗanda ke haɗawa bakin karfe a cikin igiyarWannan yana ƙara haɓaka juriya duka biyu da kuma hangen nesa na mafarauta na rigidity. Irin wannan nau'in bututun ƙarfe na polymer-karfe ya kasance tushen yawancin ayyukan kariya, musamman a cikin jeri tare da tarkon wolf da tsarin saukarwa.
Dangane da waɗancan tsararraki na farko, sabbin layukan sun fito, kamar yadda ƙarin sauye-sauye m kuma tare da mafi girma juriya abrasionWaɗannan sun dace sosai ga wuraren da ake samun matsala akai-akai tare da tsarin ƙarfe ko kasan kejin. Har ila yau, an ƙirƙira wasu zaɓuɓɓuka waɗanda suka dace ko ma sun zarce ƙarfin juzu'i na ragar ƙarfe, amma ba tare da igiyoyin ƙarfe ba.
A cikin waɗannan lokuta na ƙarshe, ana samun ci gaba ta hanyar polymers masu girma a haɗe tare da ƙananan diamitaWannan yana ba da damar ma'aunin nauyi da za a iya sarrafawa, ƙara ƙarfin juzu'i, da mafi girman rigidity na raga. Sakamakon shine tarun wolf iri-iri, wanda ya dace da ƙirar kariyar kewayen al'ada da kuma tsarin saukarwa inda gidan yanar gizon ya shimfiɗa zuwa zurfin zurfi.
An ƙirƙira takamaiman samfura don rukunin yanar gizo na musamman. kerkeci net don fallasa cibiyoyinWaɗannan tarunan, tare da raguwar diamita, suna ba da juriya kaɗan ga ƙarfin halin yanzu. Suna nufin cimma daidaito tsakanin kariya daga mafarauta da kuma aikin hydrodynamic, hana nauyin da ke kan tsarin keji daga karuwa sosai lokacin da sauri da raƙuman ruwa ke ƙaruwa.
Iri-iri na raga da tsoma don kiwo da kifin kifi
Bayan manyan kejin teku, kiwo yana buƙatar a sosai faffadan gidajen saukowa Don sarrafa, kamawa, da jigilar kifi ko sauran halittun ruwa a duk matakan samarwa. Daga ƙaramin soya a cikin gandun daji zuwa kifaye masu girman kasuwanci, kowane mataki yana buƙatar nau'in gidan yanar gizo mai girman raga, zurfin, da girma dabam.
Musamman masana'antun suna bayarwa raga don soya da manyan hanyoyin sadarwa wanda har ma ana iya sarrafa shi ta hanyar crane lokacin da girma de peces Gudanarwa yana da wahala. A kowane hali, ana neman ma'auni tsakanin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi da mu'amala mai laushi, don rage damuwa da gujewa lalata fata, fins, ko sikelin dabbobi.
Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da nailan, polyester (PES), bakin karfe, da aluminumDangane da ko ya ƙunshi firam masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, raga mai sassauƙa, ko gauraye tsarin, makasudin shine net ɗin ya zama mai nauyi ga mai aiki, yana jure wa lodi ba tare da matsala na tsawan lokaci ba, kuma yana ba da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata lokacin amfani da shi a cikin mahallin ruwa.
A yawancin kasidar za ka iya zaɓar daga mahara zaɓuɓɓuka don girman, nau'in raga, tsayi, da zurfida kuma keɓance hannaye, ƙugiya, da sauran kayan haɗi. Sauya gidajen sauyi, buoys, gyarawa, da sauran na'urorin haɗi suma yawanci ana samun su don sauƙaƙe shigarwa da sauyawa lokacin da kayan aiki ya kai ƙarshen rayuwarsa mai amfani.
Waɗannan mafita sun haɗa ba kawai noman kifi na gargajiya ba, har ma noman shrimpmollusk kiwo da kuma amfani a cikin aquariumsA cikin wuraren ajiyar ruwa na jama'a da manyan wuraren baje kolin, alal misali, ana amfani da tarunan da aka ƙera musamman don rage haɗarin rauni ga nau'ikan ƙima ko ƙima.
Cages, tsarin kamawa da kariya da tarun inuwa
Baya ga raga don kamawa da sarrafawa kai tsaye, masu samarwa da yawa suna bayarwa cikakkun cages da tsarin kamawa masu dacewa wanda ya dace da bukatun kowace gona. Wadannan mafita sun haɗa da ruwa, tsarin tallafi, hanyoyin tafiya da kuma, ba shakka, ɗakunan yanar gizo waɗanda ke yin bango da kasan naúrar.
A kusa da kejin yana buɗe saitin ragamar kariya da ƙarin shinge An ƙera shi don ayyuka daban-daban: hana tsuntsaye shiga cikin ruwa, rage abubuwan da ke faɗowa cikinsa, kariya daga mafarauta, ko iyakance wuraren aiki masu aminci. Waɗannan mafita sun haɗa da maganin tantabara da tagulla a gaba ɗaya, ana amfani da su sosai a wuraren da ke kusa da bakin teku ko hanyoyin ƙaura.
Wani muhimmin iyali su ne tarun inuwa ko shadingWadannan yadudduka suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa hasken rana kai tsaye a kan tafkuna ko cages, rage damuwa na dabba da ci gaban algae a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi. Yawanci ana yin su daga kayan da aka daidaita UV kuma suna ba da ma'auni daban-daban na rashin fahimta dangane da matakin kariya da ake so.
Don ƙarin takamaiman aikace-aikacen akwai kuma cibiyoyin tacewa da masana'anta na fasaha Ana amfani da waɗannan yadudduka, alal misali, don riƙe ɓangarorin, raba nau'ikan halittu daban-daban, ko kare magudanar ruwa da magudanar ruwa a tsarin sake zagayawa. A cikin ƙwararrun aquariums da ayyukan bincike, waɗannan nau'ikan yadudduka suna taimakawa kula da ƙarin sarrafawa da yanayin ruwa mai aminci.
Ana iya daidaita wannan duka kewayon samfuran ta hanyar gyare-gyare na masu girma dabam, kayan aiki da tsarin gyarawata yadda cibiyoyin sadarwa za su iya shiga ba tare da wata matsala ba cikin abubuwan more rayuwa da ake da su ko kuma su kasance bisa sabbin ƙira. Sassauci a cikin hanyoyin magance al'ada shine babban ɓangaren bayarwa daga kamfanoni na musamman.
Nau'in cibiyoyin sadarwa bisa ga kayan aiki da gini
Idan muka kalli kifayen kiwo ta fuskar kayan aiki, za mu ga hadaya iri-iri da ta hada da monofilament, multifilament, multimonofilament da tarunan nailan da aka yi wa tukwaneKowane nau'in yana ba da takamaiman fa'idodi dangane da juriya, jin, nauyi, da hali a cikin ruwa, don haka zaɓin ya dogara da amfani da yanayi.
da monofilament raga Suna sane da rigidity da bayyana gaskiya, saboda zaren na musamman ne kuma yana da tauri. Suna shahara sosai a cikin wasu nau'ikan kamun kifi, amma kuma suna samun wuri a cikin aikace-aikacen kiwo inda ake son ramin santsi tare da ƙarancin riƙewa. Sabanin haka, raga na multifilament (ƙulli nailan) Suna amfani da filaye masu kaɗe-kaɗe ko murɗaɗɗen, suna ba da laushi mai laushi ga taɓawa da ƙarin ɗabi'a, wani abu mai kima sosai lokacin sarrafa kifi a hankali.
Magani multimonofilament Suna ƙoƙarin haɗa mafi kyawun duniyoyin biyu, suna haɗa nau'ikan monofilaments da yawa cikin zare ɗaya don haɓaka ƙarfi ba tare da sadaukar da wasu halaye masu tauri da kwanciyar hankali ba. Tare da su, mun sami ragamar nailanwanda ke ba da tsari mai juriya sosai tare da haɓakar kuzari mai kyau a cikin ja da tsayi mai tsayi.
Game da polymers, kasuwa yana bayarwa polyethylene, polypropylene da polyester nettare da ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin a cikin yawa, buoyancy, juriya, da hali a ƙarƙashin hasken ultraviolet. Polyethylene yana da yawa a cikin manyan cages saboda haske da kyakkyawan juriya ga yanayin ruwa; polypropylene yana da daraja don ƙananan nauyi da buoyancy; kuma polyester yana ba da kyakkyawan yanayin kwanciyar hankali da juriya ga elongation.
An shagaltar da wani babi na musamman ragamar ragamar RaschelAna yin waɗannan tarunan ne ta amfani da masana'anta da aka saka a maimakon kullin gargajiya. Yawanci suna ba da wani wuri mai daidaituwa, ƙarancin lahani ga kifi, kuma, a yawancin lokuta, mafi kyawun juriya ga lalacewa da tsagewa daga gogayya. Bugu da ƙari kuma, tsarin masana'antar su yana ba da izini ga babban matakin gyare-gyare a cikin girman raga da yawa.
Kamun kifi da kiwo aikace-aikace na fasaha net
Yawancin fasahohin hanyar sadarwa da ake amfani da su a cikin kiwo sun samo asali ne daga cikin sana'ar kamun kifi, inda ake amfani da gillnets, trammel nets, trawls da jakunkuna seinesA tsawon lokaci, ilimin da aka samu a cikin waɗannan fasahar an canza shi zuwa tsarin noma, inganta kayan aiki da ƙira don yanayin sarrafawa da noma mai ƙarfi.
da gillnets Yawancin lokaci suna amfani da monofilament kuma an tsara su don kifi ya kama lokacin da yake ƙoƙarin wucewa ta hanyar yanar gizo. gillnetsA nasu bangaren, suna hada bangarori da yawa masu girman raga daban-daban, kuma galibi ana yin su ne da filaye da yawa ko nailan kulli, suna samar da tsari mai rikitarwa da inganci don ɗaukar nau'ikan girma dabam dabam.
A cikin hali na ragamar tarkoTsarin yana mayar da hankali kan inganta haɓakar hydrodynamics da juriya ga abrasion, kamar yadda tsarin ke aiki tare da ƙasa ko tsakiyar ruwa na tsawon lokaci. Anan, zaɓin kayan aiki da ƙarfafa wurare masu mahimmanci suna da mahimmanci don tsawaita rayuwar hanyar sadarwar da kuma hana karyewa yayin aiki.
da jaka seine raga bankuna kewaye de peces Suna rufe a ƙasa, don haka suna buƙatar sauƙi don motsawa kuma, a lokaci guda, ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi lokacin da aka tattara kama. Wannan nau'in mafita yana raba halaye da yawa tare da tarun namun kiwo, inda manufar kuma ita ce adana kifin cikin ƙayyadaddun girma ba tare da rugujewar gidan yanar gizo ba ko ya zama nakasa sosai.
A matakin kariya da gudanarwa a cikin kifayen kiwo, abubuwan da suka biyo baya sun yi fice: tarun tarkon kifi da tarun kare kejiAn ƙera waɗannan guraben ne don sarrafa yanayin kifin da rage gudu da kutse. Su ne bangarori masu ƙarfi, wani lokacin haɗe tare da tsattsauran ra'ayi, waɗanda za a iya daidaita su zuwa nau'i-nau'i iri-iri dangane da nau'in da tsarin samarwa.
Nets don aviaries, wasanni da kayan ado
Samuwar waɗannan fasahohin fiber yana jagorantar kamfanoni da yawa don faɗaɗa kewayon samfuran su fiye da kiwo, suna bayarwa Nets don aviaries, amfani da wasanni da mafita na adoKodayake a kallon farko suna iya zama kamar aikace-aikacen da aka nisa daga duniyar kiwo, suna raba buƙatu iri ɗaya dangane da juriya, dorewa da aminci.
da aviary da jirgin keji cibiyoyin sadarwa Suna ba da izinin samar da fa'ida da amintattu ga tsuntsaye, ko a wuraren kiwo, wuraren gyarawa, ko wuraren baje koli. Yawanci suna buƙatar haɗin ƙarfin injina, kariya daga mafarauta na waje, da tsarin da ba zai cutar da tsuntsaye ba idan akwai tasiri.
A fagen wasanni, abubuwa sun zama ruwan dare: raga don filayen wasa, kotuna da yankunan kariyaMisali, a bayan wuraren raga ko kusa da padel, wasan tennis, ko kotunan wasan ƙwallon baseball. Manufar anan ita ce kayan su zama masu juriya ga maimaita tasiri, yanayin yanayi, da lalacewa gabaɗaya, yayin da suke riƙe da ƙaya mai daɗi.
Sun kuma yawaita cibiyoyin sadarwa tare da kayan ado ko aikin gine-gineAna amfani da waɗannan kayan azaman abubuwan ƙira a ciki da waje: dogo na aminci irin na ruwa, masu rarraba sararin samaniya, kayan wasan yara, da tsarin rataye. Ana amfani da yawancin ilimin da ake amfani da shi a kan gidajen ruwa a nan don tabbatar da amincin kayan aikin ɗan adam.
A cikin duk waɗannan amfani, yiwuwar siffanta launi, girman raga, nau'in fiber da ƙarewa Wannan yana ba da damar hanyoyin sadarwar fasaha don daidaitawa cikin sauƙi zuwa ayyuka na musamman. Wannan aikin giciye yana ƙarfafa ƙwarewar masana'anta, yana ba su damar canja wurin sabbin abubuwa daga wannan fanni zuwa wani.
Ƙirƙirar abubuwa masu ɗorewa: biopolymers da sake amfani da su
Matsi na zamantakewa da ka'idoji don ragewa sharar filastik a cikin yanayin ruwa Wannan yana tura kiwo don neman mafi tsafta. Layin bincike ɗaya mai ban sha'awa shine haɓakar biopolymers waɗanda ke kula da irin wannan aiki zuwa robobi na al'ada, amma tare da mafi kyawun tasirin muhalli lokacin da kayan ya ƙasƙanta ko aka tarwatsa cikin bazata.
Misalin misali shine amfani da biopolymers a cikin abubuwan da aka gyara kamar kifin kifiWadannan kayan suna ba da izinin kera sassa tare da ƙarfin da ake sa ran, amma ba kamar robobi na gargajiya ba, suna lalacewa a cikin yanayi na tsawon lokaci, suna hana su zama sharar gida mai tsayi idan sun ɓace yayin aiki.
A daya bangaren kuma, an kaddamar da ayyukan hadin gwiwa kamar REDACUICULTURAPLASTIC, cibiyar sadarwa mai aiki da ke mayar da hankali kan ganowa da ragewa Sharar da kiwo ke haifar da robobi. Wannan nau'in aikin yana nufin taswirar manyan hanyoyin sharar gida (tarunan da aka watsar, igiyoyi, lallausan buoys, marufi, da sauransu) da ba da shawarar matakan fasaha da gudanarwa don rage tasirinsa.
Daga cikin sakamakon da ake so akwai inganta ƙirar hanyar sadarwa don sauƙaƙe sake yin amfani da suAikin yana da nufin ƙirƙirar tsari na yau da kullun don tattarawa da sarrafa kayan aikin da aka daina amfani da su da haɓaka amfani da kayan da suka dace da sarƙoƙin sake amfani da su. Haka kuma tana neman wayar da kan al’umma a cikin wannan fanni game da muhimmancin yin rikodin yanayin rayuwar gidajen sauro da sauran kayayyakin robobi don hana asara a teku.
A hade, waɗannan sababbin abubuwa suna nuni zuwa ga samfurin tattalin arzikin madauwari a cikin kiwoinda ba a ganin tarun a matsayin abin zubarwa, amma a matsayin albarkatun da ya kamata a dawo da su kuma a sake dawowa a duk lokacin da zai yiwu. A cikin matsakaicin lokaci, buƙatun muhalli suna iya zama ma'auni mai mahimmanci kamar dorewa ko farashi lokacin zabar gidan yanar gizo.
Wannan duk tsarin yanayin yanayin mafita - daga gidajen keji tare da dunƙule dunƙulewa da zaɓuɓɓukan sake yin amfani da su, zuwa manyan tarko na kerkeci, gidajen saukowa na al'ada, tarun kariya da inuwa, da yunƙurin da suka haɗa da biopolymers da sarrafa sharar gida-yana nuna Canji mai zurfi game da yadda kifayen kifaye ke tunanin kayan aikin saDuk wanda ke son ci gaba da yin gasa yana buƙatar sanin wannan tayin, ya fahimci waɗanne haɗe-haɗe na kayan aiki da ƙira suka fi dacewa da buƙatun su, kuma su dogara ga masu samar da damar daidaita samfuran su ga kowane aiki, haɗa aiki, aminci, da dorewa cikin mafita guda ɗaya.
