Kowace Oktoba 8th, da Ranar Octopus ta Duniya, kwanan wata da ke nuna kimiyya, kiyayewa, da kuma tasirin zamantakewa na ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman invertebrates na duniya. Wannan cephalopod yana sha'awar hazakarsa, kamanninsa, da yadda yake mu'amala da muhallinsa.
Ranar tunawa, kuma aka sani da Ranar Octopus ta Duniya, ya zama dandalin masu bincike, masunta, da ƴan ƙasa, kuma yana ba da damar yin bitar abin da muka sani game da ilmin halitta, yadda ake sarrafa kamun kifi, da irin ƙalubalen da ke gabansa a cikin canjin teku.
Abin da Ranar Octopus ta Duniya ke tunawa
An haifi shirin a cikin ƙwararrun al'umma TONMO (The Octopus News Magazine Online) tare da ra'ayin yada ilimi da kuma inganta kiyaye dorinar ruwa da wuraren zama. Manufar ita ce mai sauƙi: kawo kimiyya kusa da al'umma da ƙarfafa ayyuka masu alhakin da ke tabbatar da makomarsu.
A wannan rana ana ba da haske game da yanayin muhalli na dorinar ruwa mai kula da yawan jama'a na crustaceans da kananan kifi, muhimmancinta na al'adu da gastronomic a yawancin yankunan bakin teku da kuma buƙatar kare yanayin yanayin ruwa wanda ya dogara da su.
Kwakwalwa a kowane hannu: wannan shine yadda suke ji da yanke shawara
Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa tsarin juyayi na dorinar ruwa yana aiki ta hanyar rarrabawa: kowane hannu yana da miliyoyin neurons waɗanda ke iya aiki da kai-da-kai, wanda ke ba da izini. da sauri ya amsa ba tare da jiran umarni daga kwakwalwa ta tsakiya ba.
Wani muhimmin binciken da aka buga a cikin mujallar Cell kuma Harvard ya fitar ya ba da cikakken bayani game da dangin masu karɓa akan kofuna na tsotsa, abin da ake kira masu karɓa na chemoattractant, wanda ke haɗa taɓawa da wani abu mai kama da ɗanɗano don gano ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta marasa narkewa a cikin ruwa da ke kan filaye da ganima.
Ta hanyar rufe waɗannan masu karɓa da gabatar da su a cikin tsarin ƙirar, ƙungiyar ta gano cewa ana kunna su ta hanyar mahadi irin su terpenoids, yayin da abubuwa masu narkewar ruwa na yau da kullun, irin su gishiri da sukari, kar a kunna siginaA cikin aquariums, dorinar ruwa sun amsa kawai ga wuraren da waɗannan kwayoyin halitta.
Bambance-bambancen martani daga waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin da tattaunawarsu tare da tsarin juyayi na hannu suna taimakawa wajen bayyana hadaddun halaye: kowane gaɓa zai iya bincika, nuna wariya, da yanke shawara na gida, kuma a lokaci guda. daidaitawa tare da sauran lokacin da yanayin ya buƙaci shi.
Ƙwarewa masu ban mamaki: Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa da Kayan aiki
Bayan kofuna na tsotsa, dorinar ruwa sun shahara don koyonsu. An lura da su suna warware mazes, buɗe kwantena, da kuma tuno dabarun kwanaki, ƙarfin da ba kasafai ba a cikin invertebrates kuma yana da alaƙa da su. filastik hali.
A cikin yanayi, nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban suna gina ramuka, suna toshe hanyoyin shiga da duwatsu, kuma suna amfani da abubuwan da ake da su azaman kariya. Shahararriyar shari'ar ita ce ta Amphioctopus marginatus, wanda ke tattara bawoyin kwakwa don amfani da shi azaman matsuguni, halin da ke nuni da shi. shiryawa da fahimtar sararin samaniya.
Har ila yau rubutun nasu ya haɗa da canje-canje a launi da rubutu a cikin millise seconds don ɗaukar hoto ko sadarwa, da kuma dabarun tsaro na fasaha waɗanda ke jadada su. m hankali a cikin mahalli masu rikitarwa.
Genetics da neuronal plasticity
A matakin ƙwayoyin cuta, binciken da kafofin watsa labaru na kimiyya suka ambata yana nuna fitattun ayyukan jigilar dangin LINE a cikin sassan kwakwalwar dorinar ruwa masu alaƙa da koyo da ƙwaƙwalwa. Waɗannan abubuwa na hannu zasu iya ba da gudummawa ga su sassaucin jijiyoyi da saurin daidaitawa don canza abubuwan motsa jiki.
Waɗannan binciken sun dace da ra'ayin tsarin jin tsoro mai ƙarfi wanda, tare da jin daɗin chemotactile na kofuna na tsotsa da rarrabawar makamai, yana ba da dorinar ruwa tare da fahimi repertoire. sabon abu tsakanin invertebrates.
Kamun kifi da dorewa: Yucatán da sauran latitudes
A Mexico, musamman a Yucatán, kamun kifi na dorinar ruwa yana da mahimmanci ga dubban iyalai. A cikin kamfen na baya-bayan nan, samarwa na shekara-shekara ya wuce tan 24.000 kuma a cikin 2024-2025 zai kasance kusan 28.000, tare da kusan 70% an ƙaddara don fitarwa zuwa kasuwanni kamar Spain, Italiya da Japan.
Lokacin kamawa yana gudana daga 1 ga Agusta zuwa 15 ga Disamba, yayin da lokacin rufewa ya ƙare daga 16 ga Disamba zuwa 31 ga Yuli, ma'aunin da ke ba da damar. farfado na yawan jama'a kuma yana taimakawa ci gaba da aikin. A cikin watannin farko na kamfen, an yi rikodin ƙididdiga masu yawa godiya ga kyakkyawan yanayin muhalli.
Kare yana fuskantar ƙalubale masu girma. Bincike a cikin Bulletin Gubawar Ruwan ruwa cewa aƙalla nau'ikan cephalopods 24 ke shiga tarkacen ruwa (kwalba, gwangwani, robobi) a matsayin matsuguni ko tallafi na kwanciya ƙwai saboda rashin harsashi na halitta, alama ce ta matsin lamba da ƙazanta ke haifarwa a wuraren zama.
Bugu da ƙari, tuntuɓar mahaɗan masu guba da ƙarfe masu nauyi, lalatawar ciyawa na ciyawa da raƙuman ruwa na barazana ga nau'in. Girmama lokutan rufewa, rage zuriyar ruwa, da haɓakawa alhakin kamun kifi matakai ne masu mahimmanci don tabbatar da dorewa.
A arewa maso gabashin Atlantic, Galicia ya ba da rahoton ingantattun kama bayan tsawaita kamun kifi da daidaita gudanarwa, tare da lambobi masu yawa da yawa yayin sake buɗe kakar; akasin haka, wasu jiragen ruwa, irin su jiragen ruwa na Asturian, sun yi gargadin ƙananan gaban wannan shekara, yana ƙarfafa buƙatar matakan daidaitawa ta yanki.
Kasuwa, amfani da canjin yanayi
Ƙungiyar Globefish (FAO) ta lura cewa ƙasashe da yawa suna ƙarfafa takunkumi da gyare-gyare don tabbatar da dorewa a cikin yanayin da ake ciki. babban buƙata da karancin wadata. Maroko da Mauritania sun yi fice a matsayin masu ba da kayayyaki ga kasuwannin Turai; Vietnam da China suma suna da tagomashi a duniya.
Spain tana cikin manyan masu shigo da kayayyaki da sake fitar da kayayyakin da aka sarrafa, tare da jigilar kayayyaki zuwa Italiya, Portugal, da Amurka. A halin da ake ciki, yawan amfani da gidan Sipaniya na dorinar ruwa da squid ya faɗi da kashi 5,6% duk shekara zuwa kilo miliyan 28,16, tare da kashe 1,5% (€ 456,2 miliyan) kuma matsakaicin farashi ya haura 4,3%. karewa ya sha wahala sosai.
Ruwan ɗumamar ruwa yana canza rarrabuwa: an kwatanta 'fulawar dorinar ruwa' a cikin ruwan Burtaniya da ke da alaƙa da yanayin zafi, al'amarin da ke amfana da kamawar gida amma yana ƙara haɓaka ga kasancewa duniya, in ji FAO.
Ranar Octopus ta Duniya tana tunatar da mu cewa haɗin gwiwar ci gaban kimiyya, sarrafa kamun kifi tare da rufewa mai inganci da rage gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu shine hanyar wannan invertebrate, don haka. mai hankali a matsayin masu rauni, ci gaba da zama cikin tekunan mu da tallafawa al'ummomin da suka dogara da shi.
