Kogin Kogin Amazon Ya yi fice a matsayin mafi girma a duniya, yana rufe yankuna har zuwa kasashe takwas da kuma kusan Murabba'in kilomita miliyan 7,8Wannan yanki gida ne ga ɗayan manyan bambance-bambancen ilimin halitta da al'adu a duniya, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita yanayi da kiyaye yanayin yanayi.
Duk da haka, Halittar Halitta da bambancin zamantakewa da muhalli da ke cikin Amazon suna fuskantar barazana. Abubuwa kamar sare dazuzzuka, gobara, hakar ma'adinai da faɗaɗa ababen more rayuwa suna haifar da haɗari mai tsanani mutuncin halittunsa da rayuwar al'ummar da ke cikinta.
Wani binciken kasa da kasa na baya-bayan nan, tare da halartar lambun Botanical na Royal (RJB) na CSIC, ya yi karin haske kan muhimmancin yankuna na asali da wuraren kariya a cikin kiyaye yanayin haɗin kai a cikin Amazon Basin. Aikin, wanda aka buga a mujallar PNAS, ya yi nazari kan yadda waɗannan yankuna ke ba da gudummawar kiyaye magudanar halittu da suka wajaba don wanzuwar nau'in halittu da kuma aiki da tsarin halitta.
Mai bincike Jesús Muñoz, daga CSIC, ya bayyana hakan Ayyukan ɗan adam sun fara wargaza haɗin kai tsakanin yanayin yanayin AmazonianWannan mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar tsarin halitta, yana hana motsi na kwayoyin halitta da ci gaba da matakai masu mahimmanci kamar tarwatsa iri, hijirar nau'in, da kwararar ruwa da kayan abinci.
Hannun nesa, maɓalli a cikin nazarin barazanar
Ta hanyar Bayanai na nesa daga Amazonian Georeferenced Socio- Environmental Information Network (RAISG) Tsakanin 2016 da 2023, ƙungiyar masu bincike sun tsara matakin haɗin kai a cikin manyan nau'ikan halittun Amazonian guda huɗu: gandun daji na terra, dazuzzukan ambaliya, koguna, da gandun daji na Andean na wurare masu zafi. Don yin haka, sun bincika tasirin manyan ayyuka guda shida na mutum: gina madatsun ruwa, sare dazuzzuka, gobara, hako ma'adinai da doka ba bisa ka'ida ba, hakar ma'adinan ruwa da hanyoyi, na ciki da waje na 'yan asali ko wuraren kariya.
Sakamakon a bayyane yake: Tsakanin kashi 23% zuwa 28% na yankunan waɗannan mahalli sun riga sun nuna alamar aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ayyukan.. Idan an yi nazari akan matakin kariya, rabon saman da ya shafa a ciki Yankunan ƴan asali da masu kariya suna tsakanin 14% zuwa 16%, yayin da a yankunan da ba tare da wannan adadi na kariyar tasirin ya kai ba 38%.
Daya daga cikin mafi dacewa ƙarshe shine cewa A cikin yankuna na asali da kuma wuraren da aka kariya, haɗin muhalli ya fi girma a fili fiye da wajensu. Wannan yana nuna cewa waɗannan wurare za su fi dacewa da kariya daga barazanar waje, ta yadda yanayin yanayin su ya fi jure jure wa sauye-sauye kamar sauyin yanayi.
Dabarun darajar al'ummomin asali
Ayyukan CSIC tare da al'ummomin kimiyya na duniya sun jadada mahimmancin ƙarfafa mulkin al'ummomin ƴan asalin su kansuA cewar marubutan, karfafa jagoranci da cin gashin kai wajen tafiyar da wadannan yankuna, tare da inganta ayyukan ci gaba mai dorewa, yana da matukar muhimmanci. kiyaye haɗin kai da lafiyar muhalli na Amazon.
Har ila yau binciken ya nuna bukatar hakan aiwatar da ayyuka masu dorewa wanda ke ba da tabbacin ci gaban al'ummomi da kuma rage matsin lamba kan yanayin muhalli. Wannan ba wai kawai yana adana arzikin muhalli ba, har ma da al'adu da gadon ɗan adam wanda ke bayyana yankin Amazon.
Ya tabbata cewa kare waɗannan wurare da kuma amincewa da haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar Su ne dabarun mahimmanci don fuskantar ƙalubalen muhalli na yanzu da na gaba na Amazon.