Bayan shekaru goma na rudani, ƙungiyar masana kimiyya ta duniya ta nuna kwayar cutar kwayar cutar Vibrio a matsayin babban dalilin mutuwar taurarin teku a arewa maso gabashin Pasifik, lamarin da ya mayar da miliyoyin mutane zuwa sharar gelatin a cikin 'yan kwanaki.
Cutar, da aka sani da starfish wasting ciwo (SSWD/SSWS), wanda ya tashi daga Alaska zuwa Baja California kuma ya shafi fiye da nau'in 20; kiyasin sun haura biliyan 5.000 wadanda suka jikkata, tare da kifin tauraron sunflower a matsayin wanda aka azabtar.
Me aka sani game da barkewar cutar?
Tun 2013 an rubuta su raunukan fata, karkatar da hannu da rabewar hannu wanda ke haifar da saurin ruɓewar nama a cikin kimanin makonni biyu.
Mafi yawan nau'in cutar shine Pycnopodia helianthoides (sunflower starfish), wanda yawansu ya ragu da kewaye 90% a farkon shekarun faruwar lamarin, tare da yin tasiri ga yanayin yanayin bakin teku.
Kwayar cuta a ƙarƙashin microscope
Binciken ya gano Vibrio pectenicide -dangin kwalara kwalara- a matsayin alhakin yanayin; musamman, a iri da ake kira FHCF-3 wanda ke haifar da lalacewar nama.
Vibrio rukuni ne na ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ke haifar da matsala a ciki murjani da mollusks; nau'in da aka samu a cikin kifin tauraro ba a haɗa shi da shi ba cututtuka na mutum tun daga bayaninsa a cikin 1990s.
Aikin, an buga a Yanayin Ilimin Halitta & Juyin Halitta, yana ba da shaida da ke warware tambayar da aka buÉ—e shekaru da yawa, a cewar masu nazarin halittun ruwa waÉ—anda ba su shiga cikin binciken ba.
Binciken: daga hanyar karya zuwa ganowa
Bayan hasashe da yawa, gami da a densovirus Da farko da aka gabatar, gwaje-gwajen sun kasa haifar da ci gaba da haifar da wannan sanadin kamuwa da cuta, da gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta suka watsar da shi.
Juyawa ya zo lokacin da ake nazarin coelomic ruwa -ruwa wanda ke wanke gabobin waÉ—annan invertebrates-, inda aka gano rinjayen kasancewar V. pectenicida a cikin samfurori marasa lafiya idan aka kwatanta da masu lafiya.
A ƙarƙashin yanayin sarrafawa, taurari masu lafiya sun yi rashin lafiya suka mutu Lokacin fallasa ruwan da ba a kula da shi daga mutanen da abin ya shafa; lokacin da wannan ruwan ya kasance a baya, dabbobi bai inganta Pathology ba, yana nuna wani wakili na ilimin halitta mai zafi.
Tawagar ta yi nasarar ware da kuma noma ƙwayoyin cuta daga samfuran da abin ya shafa kuma shafa shi cikin lafiyayyen samfurori, sake haifar da ciwo; saitin gwaje-gwajen da, ga ƙwararrun waje, cikin sauƙi ya wuce madaidaicin shaidar gwaji.
Watsawa da yanayin da ke tsananta matsalar
Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa ƙwayoyin cuta na iya yaduwa ta hanyar sadarwa kai tsaye da kuma ta ruwa, kuma yana da ikon dagewa a wajen mai masaukin baki na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Masana da dama sun nuna cewa marine zafi taguwar ruwa da thermal anomalies zai iya ba da fifiko ga yaduwar Vibrio, jinsin wannan yana bunƙasa a cikin ruwan dumi kuma yana iya ganin yanayinsa yana haɓaka ta hanyar canjin yanayi.
Ko da yake an fi mayar da hankali kan barkewar annobar a cikin yankin Pacific na Arewacin Amurka, an lura da irin wannan yanayi da kasancewar matsalolin da ke da alaƙa a Turai, tare da rubuce-rubuce a Faransa-ciki har da gonakin scallop-da takamaiman abubuwan da suka faru a bakin tekun Spain da Ingila.
Tasiri akan tsarin halittu
Tsananin raguwar kifin kifin sunflower ya haifar da yawan jama'ar bushiya, abin da suka saba ganima, yana haifar da yawan cin abinci gandun daji kelp da tarwatsa mahimman ayyukan muhalli.
A Arewacin California, asarar har zuwa 95% na ruwa a cikin shekaru goma, yana shafar kifaye, otters da sauran nau'ikan da ke amfani da waÉ—annan gandun daji a matsayin wurin zama da tushen abinci.
Matakai na gaba da layin aiki
Tare da gano ƙwayoyin cuta, zaɓuɓɓuka irin su kama kiwo, canja wurin jama'a masu lafiya zuwa wurare masu aminci da kuma bincika bambance-bambancen juriya don ƙarfafa juriya.
An bincika ƙarin dabarun, daga probiotics zuwa shirye-shiryen maidowa waɗanda ke haɗa sarrafa uban teku da dawo da kelp, domin sake daidaita gidajen yanar gizo na abinci.
Muryoyi irin na Antonio Figueras ya tambaya hankali kada a rufe lamarin: tarihin cutar ya hada da jan kunne da abubuwan muhalli na iya shiga tsakani waÉ—anda ke daidaita tsananin barkewar cutar.
Halin halin yanzu yana da alaƙa da kasancewar Vibrio pectenicide tare da fashewa, a cikin mahallin da aka yi alama zafin teku da rashin daidaituwar muhalliGano mai laifi yana ba da damar aiwatar da mafita a ma'auni, kodayake tasirin su zai dogara ne akan haɗin haɗin kimiyya daidai, gudanarwa mai daidaitawa, da kulawa mai gudana.