Duniyar marine invertebrates taba gushe ba mamaki mu, duka biyu ga bambancin nau'in wadanda suke zaune a ciki da kuma kalubalen da suke fuskanta. Ƙarƙashin saman tekuna, Dabbobin da ba su da kashin baya irin su mollusks, crustaceans da nau'ikan ƙananan halittu sun ɓullo da dabaru na musamman don tsira daga matsanancin yanayi da canje-canje kwatsam a muhallinsu.
A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabatada barazanar muhalli Irinsu gurbatar yanayi, canjin yanayi, da hasarar rayayyun halittu sun haifar da raunin wadannan halittu a kan gaba wajen muhawara. Koyaya, labarai da yawa na juriya, daidaitawa, da asirai suna fitowa daga duban waɗannan muhimman mazaunan teku.
Bivalves da babban bacewa
A cikin juyin halittar rayuwa a duniya, invertebrates na ruwa sun nuna iyawar rayuwa ta ban mamakiAna samun misali mai ban mamaki a cikin bivalves, ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi siffofin da aka sani da clams, mussels, da kawa. Wadannan mollusks sun sami damar shawo kan babban bacewar da ya faru shekaru miliyan 66 da suka gabata, lamarin da ya haifar da bacewar fiye da 70% na nau'in marine Ya kuma shafe Ammonawa da dabbobi masu rarrafe kamar mosasaur. Dukiya de peces a cikin halittun ruwa kuma kiyaye su yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da tanadin invertebrates na ruwa, waɗanda wani muhimmin sashi ne na bambancin halittun teku.
Bisa ga binciken da aka yi kwanan nan, bivalves sun adana kusan dukkan ayyukan muhallinta Duk da bala'in, wani feat da masana kimiyya suka yi la'akari da wani sabon abu a kididdiga. Yayin da sauran nau'ikan irin su rudists suka zama bace gaba ɗaya. bivalves Sun dage da salon rayuwa daban-daban kamar tace plankton, symbiosis tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, da halaye masu cin nama. resilience daga cikin wadannan kwayoyin halitta suna tunatar da mu yadda tsarin aikin halittun zai iya canzawa sama da miliyoyin shekaru ko da wasu nau'ikan suna iya rayuwa.
Neuston da tasirin filastik akan saman teku
Daya daga cikin shuru protagonist na teku ne Neuston, al'ummar da ta kunshi kwayoyin halitta da ke shawagi a saman saman teku. Daga cikinsu akwai kananan marine invertebrates irin su jellyfish (Velella velella) da katantanwa mai violet (Janthina), waɗanda ke rayuwa tare da algae da ƙwayoyin cuta. Neuston ya yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin musayar gas, da sake amfani da kwayoyin halitta da kuma hidima a matsayin abinci ga tsuntsaye da teku kunkuru.
Tarin robobi ya haifar da tsibirai na wucin gadi, irin su Great Patch Patch na Pacific, inda sharar gida da yawan abubuwan rayuwa ke taruwa. Masana sun yi gargadin cewa fasahohin tsabtace taro na iya halakar da dukan halittu ba a sani ba, kamar yadda yawancin halittun da ke zaune a cikin neuston sun dogara da waɗannan wuraren zama na wucin gadi. Dabarun na yanzu suna mayar da hankali kan ragewa amfani da robobi a tushen da kuma gudanar da tsattsauran kima kafin shiga tsakani, don guje wa sakamakon da ba za a iya juyawa ba ga sarkar abinci na ruwa. Kiyaye waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta shine mabuɗin don kiyaye lafiyar halittu gaba ɗaya.
Babban squid da sirrinsa
Daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa invertebrates ne babban squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni), wata halitta da har yanzu lullube take da almara. Abubuwan da aka gani na baya-bayan nan sun rubuta samfurin samari a cikin yanayin halitta a karon farko, a zurfin kusan mita 600 kusa da tsibiran Sandwich ta Kudu. Wannan nau'in, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi mafi nauyin invertebrate a duniya, zai iya kai mita bakwai a tsayi kuma ya kai rabin ton.
Jikinta ya hada da manyan idanu kwatankwacin ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa da tentacles tare da damar haɓakawa. Yana ciyarwa musamman de peces kuma lokaci-lokaci, ragowar whales da tsuntsayen teku. Ko da yake kimiyya na ci gaba, har yanzu akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a fahimta game da yanayin rayuwarsu da kuma daidaita yanayin yanayin teku. Wannan binciken ya nuna dukiyar da ba a sani ba na tekuna da kuma muhimmancin kare muhallinsu don kiyaye wadannan ’yan kato da gora.
Kwayoyin cututtuka na ruwa da tasirin su akan fauna
A cikin marine invertebrates, akwai kuma parasites kamar acanthocephalans, waɗanda ke haɓaka wani ɓangare na tsarin rayuwarsu a cikin yanayin ruwa kuma suna shafar runduna daban-daban. A lokacin tsutsarsu, suna zama a cikin ɓangarorin ɓarkewa, irin su sanannun “katantan teku,” kuma a lokacin girma, suna cutar da kashin baya kamar tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa, da kifi.
Wadannan kwayoyin halitta zasu iya canza lafiya na rundunoninsu, suna haifar da komai daga ƙananan lahani na hanji zuwa ƙãra rauni ga wasu cututtuka. Duk da cewa ba kasafai suke yin kisa ba, kasancewarsu da yawa ana danganta su da mace-mace a wasu namun daji. Bincike a cikin Yadda ake gano parasites a cikin marine invertebrates yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar tasirinsa da haɓaka ingantattun dabarun kiyayewa.
Nazarin waɗannan parasites da sake zagayowar su yana taimakawa cikakken ilimin yanayin yanayin ruwa da kuma kiyaye nau'ikan masu rauni.
Nazarin invertebrates na ruwa ya bayyana mana labarun rayuwa da daidaitawa, amma kuma yana fuskantarmu da ƙalubale da suka samo asali daga ayyukan ɗan adam. Daga ƙattai a cikin zurfi zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ciki har da mazaunan saman Layer, waɗannan kwayoyin halitta suna da mahimmanci na rayuwar ruwa da lafiyar duniya. Kare da fahimtar waɗannan halittu za su zama mabuɗin don kiyaye tekunan mu da ke ƙara fuskantar barazana, waɗanda har yanzu suna riƙe da asirai da yawa har yanzu ba a gano su ba.